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| EVIDENCE FOR EFFICACY (HUMAN DATA) |
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Clinical Trials
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A review on suppression of tumor initiation, promotion and metastasis by curcumin, its dose-limiting toxicity at doses up to 10 g/day in human clinical trials indicated that curcumin has enormous potential in the prevention and therapy of cancer.
Aggarwal 2003
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A phase 1 human trial with 25 subjects using up to 8000 mg of curcumin per day for 3 months demonstrated no toxicity from curcumin & it was found to be safe in six human trials and has demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity.
Chainani-Wu 2003
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Oral administration of turmeric oil in 9 healthy volunteers revealed that there was no clinical, haematological, renal or hepatic-toxicity. However one case was dropped due to allergic skin rashes and another case due to inter-current infection.
Joshi 2003
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[Advances in the clinical application and experimental study of Curcurma zedoaria oil preparations]. [Article in Chinese].
Li 2003
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Among three Curcuma species, C. aromatica had a repellent activity against Armigeres subalbatus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. Tritaeniorhynchus. and also against Ae. Togoi and was found to be free from dermal irritation when applied to human skin.
Pitasawat 2003
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The herbal eye drop Ophthacare which contains Curcuma longa along with seven other herbs was well tolerated by the patients with various ophthalmic disorders and no side effects were observed in a multicentre clinical trial conducted.
Biswas 2001
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Hepatic arterial infusion of Embolized Curcuma Aromatic oil in 32 primary liver cancer patients when compared to transcatheter artery chemoembolization (TACE) revealed that Curcuma oil was superior than TACE with longer survival time & milder myelo-suppression.[Article in Chinese].
Cheng 2001
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A study of Phase I clinical trial of curcumin in 25 patients with high-risk or pre-malignant lesions revealed that it was not toxic to humans up to 8,000 mg/day when taken by mouth for 3 months and can be used in the chemoprevention of cancer.
Cheng 2001b
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In vitro addition of 1 microM curcumin to blood from healthy volunteers, reduced the lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclooxygenase-2 protein levels and concomitant prostaglandin E(2) product by 24% and 41%, respectively.
Plummer 2001
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Oral dose of 2 capsules (300 mg) of turmeric 5 times daily given to 45 patients with peptic ulcer symptoms resulted into the absence of ulcers in 48% (12 cases) after 4 weeks and 76% (Nineteen cases) after 12 weeks of treatment.
Prucksunand 2001
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[An hydroalcoholic extract of Curcuma longa lowers the abnormally high values of human-plasma fibrinogen.]
Ramirez Bosca 2000
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The efficacy of curcumin on chronic anterior uveitis and recurrences following treatment in 18 patients are comparable to corticosteroid therapy which is presently the only available standard treatment for this ophthalmic condition.
Lal 1999
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Clinical development plan: curcumin.
NCI 1996
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Curcuma longa Linn. in the treatment of gastric ulcer comparison to liquid antacid: a controlled clinical trial.
Kositchaiwat 1993
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An Ayurvedic formulation containing Curcuma longa, when evaluated by double-blind study in 20 patients of rheumatoid arthritis revealed pain relief, decreased morning stiffness, Ritche articular index and joint score, drop in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and 9/20 patients showed seroconversion.
Kulkarni 1992
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10 healthy people, receiving 500 mg of curcumin per day for 7 days, had a decrease in serum lipid peroxides (33%), increase in HDL Cholesterol (29%), and a decrease in total serum cholesterol (11.63%).
Soni 1992
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Randomized, double-blind trial of 116 patients with dyspepsia found 87% improvement with Curcuma domestica vs. 53% in placebo group.
Thamlikitkul 1989
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An ethanol extract of turmeric or a curcumin ointment provided symptomatic relief in patients with external cancerous lesions. Only 1 of the 62 patients had an adverse reaction.
Kuttan 1987
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Phenylbutazone or curcumin provided better anti-inflammatory response than placebo.
Satoskar 1986
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Observational Studies/Case Reports
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Contact allergy to tetrahydrocurcumin.
Lamb 2003
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Clinical efficacy of curcumin, at 375 mg/3times/day orally for 6-22 months in eight patients was reported in the treatment of patients with idiopathic inflammatory orbital pseudotumours. Four out of Five patients who completed the study recovered fully with no side effects.
Lal 2000
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Submucous fibrosis patients orally taking 600 mg turmeric oil mixed with 3 gm turmeric ethanol extract per day for 3 months had decreased number of micronucleated cells both in exfoliated oral mucosal cells and in circulating lymphocytes
Hastak 1997
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Forty cases of fistula in ano were treated with an Ayurvedic remedy ?Kshara Sutra? i.e. insertion of a thread impregnated with milk of Euphorbia neri-folic and powder of Rhizomes of Curcuma longa with 95% cure rate.
Faujdar 1981
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Traditional and Folk Use
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Turmeric has a long tradition of use in the Chinese and Ayurvedic systems of medicine, particularly as an anti-inflammatory agent & for the treatment of flatulence, jaundice, menstrual difficulties, hematuria, hemorrhage and colic.
[No authors listed] 2001
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7 traditionally used plants of Indian traditional health care system (Ayurveda) which contain antioxidant principles including Curcuma longa L., were reviewed for their historical, etymological, morphological, phytochemical & pharmacological aspects.
Scartezzini 2000
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It has been reported that the materials like Ferula asa-foetida and Curcuma longa are consumed in 0.5-1.5 g amounts in the daily diet among the hinduistically-influenced ethnic groups of Nepal who also use the same agents in minute amounts in their traditional medical treatment.
Eigner 1999
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Plants which are used traditionally by herbalists and indigenous healers like Curcuma longa, Camellia sinensis and Glycyrrhiza glabra were reviewed for their preventive action and treatment of liver disease.
Luper 1999
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Ethnobotany of India brought attention to Commiphora (used as a hypolipidaemic agent), Picrorhiza (hepatoprotective), Bacopa (used as a brain tonic), Curcuma (antiinflammatory) and Asclepias (cardiotonic)
Jain 1994
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97% of cure rate for scabies in 814 people in 3 - 15 days of treatment with paste of Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Curcuma longa (Turmeric)
Charles 1992
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Monograph in "A Modern Herbal" by Mrs. M. Grieve at
botanical.com
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Adverse Effects & Toxicity
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Essential oil from the leaves of turmeric, Curcuma longa was insecticidal in both contact and fumigant toxicity assays and at concentration of 40.5 mg/g food, the oil totally suppressed progeny production of test insects of lesser grain borer, rice weevil and red flour beetle.
Tripathi 2002
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0.2 or 1% of turmeric ethanol extract for 14 days to mice showed hepatotoxicity. Mice are more vulnerable to turmeric-induced hepatotoxicity than rats
Deshpande 1998
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Dietary turmeric (0.2%, 1.0%, 5.0%) or ethanol extract (0.05%, 0.25%) for 14 days, at doses reported to be cancer preventive, were found to be hepatotoxic in mice with coagulative necrosis and a zone of regenerating parenchymal cells
Kandarkar 1998
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Occupational allergic contact dermatitis due to curcumin food colour in a pasta factory worker
Kiec-Swierczynska 1998
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Liver enzyme effects by 2% curcumin in the diet of female mice for 14 days: epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities double while EROD (preferentially catalyzed by P450 1A1) decreased
Singh 1998
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Allergic contact dermatitis from curcumin (turmeric).
Hata 1997
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2-year feed study revealed no evidence of carcinogenic activity of turmeric oleoresin in male rats, equivocal evidence in male & female mice with increased incidence of hepatocellular adenomas & ulcers, hyperplasia of forestomach, cecum & colon in male rats & of cecum & thyroid gland in female rats.
No authors listed 1993
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Acute dosages of 0.5, 1.0, and 3 g/kg body weight and chronic dosage of 100 mg/kg/day of ethanolic extracts of the Curcuma longa rhizomes caused poor weight gain, changes in heart and lungs weights, fall in the WBC and RBC levels
Qureshi 1992
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Allergic contact dermatitis to Curcuma longa (turmeric).
Goh 1987
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Turmeric oleoresin to pigs at 60, 296 and 1551 mg/kg for 102-109 days increased weight of the liver and thyroid at all doses. The highest dose group had poor weight gain, pericholangitis, thyroid hyperplasia and epithelial changes in the kidney and bladder
Bille 1985
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Interactions
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Curcumin decomposed 90% in 30 min (to trans-6-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2,4-dioxo-5-hexenal, vanillin, ferulic acid) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer and serum-free medium, pH 7.2, 37 C. Decomposition is fastest in neutral-basic pH, slower in blood
Wang 1997
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Animal Studies
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Male albino rats fed orally with Curcuma longa aqueous and 70% alcoholic extract for 60 days (500 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) showed a reduction in sperm motility and density in both the treated groups.
Ashok 2004
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Sodium curcuminate dose-dependently inhibited castor oil-induced diarrhea in rats with 80.03% inhibition for 1 mg/kg dose which was comparable to that of indomethacin (10 mg/kg) suggesting inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis as one of the mechanism.
Gnanasekar 2004
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Pretreatment with curcumin, ameliorated injury caused to mice due to whole-body gamma-radiation by enhancing the rate of wound contraction, decreasing mean wound healing time, increasing synthesis of collagen, hexosamine, DNA, and nitric oxide and by improving fibroblast and vascular densities.
Jagetia 2004
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The cardioprotective potential of Curcuma longa (Cl) in the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model of myocardial infarction (MI) was evaluated using Wistar rats and the effect resulted from the suppression of oxidative stress and MI produced after I/R was significantly reduced in the Cl treated group.
Mohanty 2004
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Co-treatment of Curcuma longa ameliorated selenium induced damage in Wistar rat lens by reducing lipid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase enzyme levels, by enhancing superoxidase dismutase and catalase enzyme activities and by preventing opacities formation in the lens.
Padmaja 2004
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The suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by inhibiting extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity and NF-kappaB activation represented molecular mechanisms of the reported antitumor promoting effects of curcumin in mouse skin tumorigenesis.
Chun 2003
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The hepatobiliary clearance of 99m Tc-Mebrofenin radiopharmaceutical in D-galactosamine induced hepatic rats were studied and the turmeric extract treatment increased the hepatic uptake of radioactivity and thus showed an improved liver function.
Deshpande 2003
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Curcumin (at 100 mg/kg p. o.) was not able to prevent hyperlipidemia but enhanced cyclosporine induced cholestasis after prolonged administration in bile fistula rats.
Deters 2003
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The in-vitro and in-vivo skin absorption of curcumin was investigated after application of enhancers like terpenes, flavonoids and cholestanol using Wistar rat as an animal model which revealed that Terpineol produced the highest transepidermal water loss.
Fang 2003
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The results from 25 P54FP-an extract of Curcuma domestica and C. xanthorrhiza, treated dogs and 29 placebo-treated dogs with osteoarthritis showed that there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the peak vertical force of the affected limb.
Innes 2003
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Dietary Curcumin administration (2%, w/v, 30 days) to male ddY mice increased the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase & catalase and was protective against chemical carcinogenesis & electrophilic toxicity.
Iqbal 2003a
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Curcuminoids produced a smooth muscle relaxation effect on isolated guinea-pig ileum and rat uterus by receptor-dependent and independent mechanism.
Itthipanichpong 2003
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Oral administration of Curcuma longa extracts to 24 male rabbits reduced susceptibility to oxidation of erythrocytes and liver microsome membranes in vitro & contributed to the prevention of atherosclerosis caused by a diet high in fat & cholesterol in blood & liver.
Mesa 2003
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Curcumin at 20 mg/kg body weight is effective in improving the impaired airways features in the ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs as measured by a non-invasive technique, constant-volume body plethysmography.
Ram 2003
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Curcumin administration produced suppressive effect on diethyl-nitrosamine induced altered hepatic foci in rat liver, as seen by restoration of the normal levels of the enzymes glutathione S-transferase and g-glutamyl transferase.
Shukla 2003
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Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) treated female Wistar rats receiving 1 or 5% turmeric before, during & after carcinogen exposure showed decrease in gamma glutamyl transpeptidase positive foci measuring >500 or >1000 micron & decrease in NDEA-induced focal dysplasia & hepatocellular-carcinomas.
Thapliyal 2003
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Curcumin or diferuloylmethane, a food flavour, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant component of the turmeric, exerted beneficial effects in experimental colitis induced by 2,4,6- trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid- in mice, a model for Inflammmatory bowel disease.
Ukil 2003
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Aqueous extracts of Curcuma longa had showed antidepressant effects in vivo in immobility reduction in the tail suspension test and the forced swimming test in mice by inhibiting the brain monoamine oxidize A at the dose of 140 mg/kg and MAO B at a dose of 560 mg/kg.
Yu 2002
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Administration of turmeric and curcumin to Alloxan induced diabetic albino rats reduced the blood sugar, Hb, glycosylated hemoglobin levels & the oxidative stress and curcumin was more effective than whole turmeric.
Arun 2002
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Curcumin was an effective radioprotective agent which had inhibitory effect on formation of urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, tumorigenesis but did not protect mortality induced by exposure to radiation in female rats.
Inano 2002
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The efficacy of curcuminoids in inhibiting the hepatic microvascular inflammatory response elicited by lipopolysacharide was demonstrated using BALB/C mice and used as a natural alternative anti-inflammatory agent.
Lukita-Atmadja 2002
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Topical application of curcumin in dexamethasone-impaired cutaneous healing in a full thickness punch wound model in rats has enhanced healing effect & has differential regulatory effect on transforming growth factor-beta 1, its receptors and nitric oxide synthase.
Mani 2002
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The phytochemical analysis of Curcuma zedoaria rhizomes grown in Brazil revealed that the chemical composition was similar to that grown in other countries & curcumenol, exhibited potent analgesic activity when evaluated in writhing, formalin and capsaicin models of pain in mice.
Navarro Dde 2002
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Supplementation with Curcuma longa reduces oxidative stress and attenuates the development of fatty streaks in male New Zealand White rabbits fed a high cholesterol diet.
Quiles 2002
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The monocytes from ethanol-treated rabbits showed a lesser attachment to collagen but those animals treated with curcumin + ethanol showed a higher affinity to collagen, causing an alteration in the attachment of monocyte to collagen due to ethanol-induced stress.
Rajakrishnan 2002
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The antimutagenic potential of curcumin at 100 & 200 mg/kg b.w. was evaluated using in vivo chromosomal aberration assay using Cyclophosphamide in Wistar rats which showed no significant induction in chromosomal damage or change in mitotic index when curcumin was supplemented.
Shukla 2002
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Guinea pigs fed a high cholesterol diet along with 4% w/w powdered Curcuma domestica showed a decrease in all lipid composition levels of the aorta, the serum triglyceride level and also reduced cholesterol deposition in the aorta but no such effects in animals fed with cholesterol free diet.
Ahmad-Raus 2001
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Gavage administration of curcumin at 200 mg/kg or 600 mg/kg effectively suppressed diethylnitrosamine-induced liver inflammation hyperplasia and cellular gene products and cell-cycle-related proteins in rats, thus playing a potential role in prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Chuang 2000
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It has been indicated that curcumin inhibits N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine-induced esophageal carcinogenesis in male F344 rats by suppression of increased cell proliferation induced by NMBA in esophageal epithelium when given during post initiation as well as initiation phase.
Ushida 2000
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Curcumin administration showed Immunomodulatory effects in Balb/c mice which include increase in: total WBC count (from normal 10,130 to15,290), circulating antibody titre against SRBC, the plaque forming cells in the spleen, Bone marrow cellularity and alpha-esterase positive cells .
Antony 1999
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Curcumin, a yellow colouring agent from turmeric has been shown to inhibit tumor formation in diverse animal models and diarylheptanoids which are structurally related to curcumin obtained from Alpinia oxyphylla also had Anti-tumor promoting potential.
Chun 1999
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A study on choleretic effects of i.v. injection of 25 mg/kg of curcumin & bisdemethoxycurcumin on bile flow, bile acid concentration and excretion in cyclosporin-induced reduction of bile acid excretion in the bile fistula model in rats revealed that the effect of bisdemethoxycurcumin lasted longer.
Deters 1999
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A study on Five medicinal plants indigenous to Africa i.e. Azadiractha indica, Bridelia ferruginea, Commiphora molmol, Garcinia kola & Curcuma longa on experimental thrombosis in mice established antithrombotic effect of the extracts of these plants with Commiphora molmol exhibiting maximum effect.
Olajide 1999
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Oral administration of curcumin to rats caused reversal in lipid peroxidation, brain lipids & produced enhancement of glutathione, revealing that the antioxidative & hypolipidaemic action of curcumin is-responsible for its protective role against ethanol induced brain injury.
Rajakrishnan 1999
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A study on inhibiting effect of ethanol-aqueous extract obtained from rhizomes of Curcuma longa on LDL oxidation susceptibility and plasma lipids in atherosclerotic rabbits revealed decreased susceptibility of LDL to lipid peroxidation and lowering of total plasma cholesterol.
Ramirez-Tortosa 1999
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Both oral and topical applications of curcumin were found to be effective on impaired wound healing in diabetic rats and genetically diabetic mice by using a full thickness cutaneous punch wound model.
Sidhu 1999
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Weight gain of chicks during Eimeria maxima coccidiosis infection improved with 1% tumeric in diet
Allen 1998
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Low level of curcumin (92 ng/g of body weight) reduced LPS induced nitric oxide synthase in livers by 50-70%. Macrophage production of iNOS mRNA was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner by1-20 microM of curcumin
Chan 1998
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DMAB induced mammary tumors were reduced by turmeric or ethanol extract
Deshpande 1998
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2% curcumin diet reduced DMBA induced lymphomas/leukemias by 53% but mammary tumors unchanged
Huang 1998
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Preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci induced by DMH in mice were reduced by 0.01% fucoxanthin, 0.05% lutein or 0.5% tetrahydro-curcumin but not by 0.5% curcumin
Kim 1998
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Turmeric and/or curcumin in hamster diet and/or applied locally for 14 weeks along with DMBA reduced DNA adducts and tumors
Krishnaswamy 1998
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9 months mice were given extract of Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton to study the effects on learning & memory by water maze test and lipid peroxide determination which revealed decreased test time & error numbers with low levels of brain, liver and RBC lipid peroxide.[Article in Chinese].
Li 1998
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Glutathione S-transferase (GST) induced by CDNB was greatest (1.5 fold) in rats fed 25-50 mg/kg curcumin and less at 1 or 500 mg/kg levels
Piper 1998
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Pretreatment with the bioflavonoids, quercetin or curcumin, reduce ischemia-reperfusion damage to kidneys
Shoskes 1998
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Curcumin (difeurloylmethane) from Curcuma rhizomes gave faster closure of wounds and increased collagen, TGF-B1 and fibronectin
Sidhu 1998
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Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) and dibenzoylmethane were the most effective beta-diketones to induce quinone reductase in Hepa cells but only the latter prevented DMBA-DNA adducts in female rats
Singletary 1998
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Kidney damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats was reduced by 0.5% curcumin in the diet for 8 weeks
Suresh Babu 1998
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Cholesterol, mainly LDL, and triglycerides were lowered by a 0.5% curcumin diet for 8 weeks in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Hepatic cholesterol-7a-hydroxylase activity was markedly higher suggesting greater catabolism
Babu 1997
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Gp A72, a glycoprotein that precedes inflammation in arthritic rats, is inhibited by curcurmin by 73% or capsaicin 88%
Joe 1997
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Curcuma comosa root extract to mice decreased plasma triglyceride and cholesterol but increased liver triglyceride content, suggesting increased mobilization of cholesterol from peripheral tissues into liver for bile excretion
Piyachaturawat 1997
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Antibody IgG increased in rats eating 40 mg/kg curcumin but not at lower levels
South 1997
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Bleomycin chemotherapy oxidative and inflammatory enzyme markers are reduced by curcumin in rats
Venkatesan 1997
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Mutagenesis induced by 2-acetamidofluorene (2-AAF) inhibited 87.6% curcumin III (bis-(p-hydroxycinnamoyl)methane) (100 microgm/plate), 70.5% by curcumin II (feruloyl-p-hydroxycinnamoylmethane), 68.3% by curcumin I (diferuloylmethane)
Anto 1996
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Lens of the eye had higher glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozyme rGST8-8 and greater resistance to 4-HNE induced opacity after 2 weeks of 75 mg curcumin/kg in diet of rats
Awasthi 1996
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Isoproterenol induced changes in creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and electrocardiography are reduced by curcumin at 200 mg/Kg orally
Nirmala 1996
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Dietary curcumin, capsaicin (0.5%), piperine and ginger enhanced intestinal lipase activity and the disaccharidases sucrase and maltase in rats
Platel 1996
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DMBA induced mammary tumors in rats decreased by 100 mg/kg curcumin (i.p.) without significant enhancement of liver glutathione-S-transferase activity
Singletary 1996
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Lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase and lung collagen hydroxyproline induced by radiation was reduced by antioxidants curcumin, ellagic acid, bixin or alpha-tocopherol at 200 mumole/kg rat body weight
Thresiamma 1996
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Carbon tetrachloride activation by CYP2E1 and liver necrosis in mice is inhibited by isosafrole, safrole, dihydrosafrole, and benzodioxole but not by piperonyl butoxide, eugenol, isoeugenol, sesamol nor curcumin
Zhao 1996
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Ischemia induced damage was reduced by pretreatment with the antioxidants curcumin (100 mg/kg, ip) or quinidine (1 mg/kg, iv) in cats
Dikshit 1995
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Liver damage and serum transaminases induced by acetaminophen or carbon tetrachloride are reduced by C. xanthorrhiza
Lin 1995
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Mother's milk can pass turmeric and curcumin effects of increased hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 to mice pups
Singh 1995
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Cyclophosphamide induced lung injury is modulated by curcumin pretreatment for a week in rats
Venkatesan 1995
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Bile protein fractions from rats fed curcumin or capsaicin were less able to nucleate cholesterol crystal growth in model bile and had higher affinity for wheat germ agglutinin and Helix pomatia lectin than for Con-A lectin
Hussain 1994
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Retinol deficienty increases brain ATPase and decreases the ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid in rats. These are normailzed by turmeric
Kaul 1994
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Azoxymethane-induced ornithine decarboxylase, tyrosine protein kinase, arachidonic acid metabolism and aberrant crypt foci formation in the rat colon are inhibited by dietary curcumin
Rao 1993
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Curcuma xanthorrhiza decreased serum triglycerides and phospholipids, and liver cholesterol and fatty acid synthase, and increased serum HDL-cholesterol and apo A-I in rats
Yasni 1993
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ar-turmerone neutralized both the hemorrhagic activity present in Bothrops jararaca venom, and the lethal effect of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom in mice and inhibited the proliferation and natural killer activity of human lymphocytes
Ferreira 1992
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Feeding a lithogenic diet supplemented with 0.5 per cent curcumin for 10 weeks reduced the incidence of gall-stone formation to 26 per cent, as compared to 100 % in controls. Bile cholesterol was also reduced
Hussain 1992
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Curcumins inhibit cancer at initiation (DMBA), promotion (TPA) and progression (cytotoxicity) stages of development
Nagabhushan 1992
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Pungent spice compounds, piperine, mustard oil, eugenol and curcumin all dose-dependently contracted the rat bladder and antagonized the similar action by capsaicin
Patacchini 1990
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Aqueous drops of Curcuma delayed healing of superficial corneal and delayed healing of penetrating corneal wounds and reduced the tensile strength of corneal wounds when compared with placebo and preservative drops
Mehra 1984
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Turmeric root powder, containing 0.6% curcumin, is anti-inflammatory in carrageenin-induced rat paw edema
Mukhopadhyay 1982
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Glucuronides of tetrahydrocurcumin and hexahydrocurcumin are the major biliary metabolites of curcumin in rats
Holder 1978
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With 400, 80 or 10 mg of labeled [3H]curcumin, 60-66% is assimilated, most is eliminated within 72 h via feces but for the highest dose considerable amounts of the label was present in the tissues 12 days later
Ravindranath 1981-82
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Pharmacodynamics
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Application of curcuma at concentration of 200 microM to human cancer cell cultures HeLa, K-562 and IM-9 with X-irradiation showed a radiation sensitising effect.
Baatout 2004
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Curcumin prevented photodynamic treatment-induced JNK activation, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, caspase-3 activation, and cleavage of p21-activated kinase 2 in human epidermal carcinoma A431 cells.
Chan 2004
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Curcumin is found to be a potent radiosensitizer in p53 mutant prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and it acts by overcoming the effects of radiation-induced prosurvival gene expression in prostate cancer.
Chendil 2004
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Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a yellow pigment in turmeric, inhibits H. pylori-induced NF-kappaB activation and the subsequent release of interleukin 8 (IL-8) and also inhibits IkappaBalpha degradation, the activity of IkappaB kinases alpha and beta and NF-kappaB DNA-binding.
Foryst-Ludwig 2004
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Curcumin blocks transforming growth factor-beta's profibrotic actions on NRK49F rat renal fibroblasts through down-regulation of TbetaRII, and through partial inhibition of c-jun activity. Thus it may be an effective antifibrotic drug in the treatment of chronic kidney disease.
Gaedeke 2004
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Ar-turmerone ar-turmerone isolated from turmeric exhibited potent cytotoxicity on the K562, L1210, U937 and RBL-2H3 cell lines and its IC50 values on these cell lines were 20-50 microg/ml.
Ji 2004
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The cellular, molecular and biochemical mechanism of action of curcumin, a major curcuminoid of turmeric on therapeutic properties including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antiviral, antiinfectious, wound healing and detoxifying activities are reviewed.
Joe 2004
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The Diarylheptanoids - curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxy-curcumin inhibited farnesyl protein transferase with an IC50 of 29-50 microM.
Kang 2004
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A water extract of Curcuma longa L. having O(2)(-) scavenging activity rescued PC12 cells from pyrogallol-induced cell death and also blocked the Hypoxia/reoxygenation injury induced by H2O2 in rat
pheochromocytoma line PC12.
Koo 2004
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A herbal detoxification formula Smoke Shield which contains a dual extract of turmeric and extracts of green tea & other spices, found to inhibit mutagenic response in vitro and in vivo produced by several kinds of mutagens present in our atmosphere including urinary mutagenicity in smokers.
Kuttan 2004
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Curcumin was cytotoxic in vitro, for B16-R melanoma cells resistant to doxorubicin and provided a valuable tool for the development of a therapeutic combination with a soluble protein from B16-R cells, against the melanoma.
Odot 2004
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The cellular & molecular changes induced by curcumin, a phenolic compound of Curcuma longa, lead to the growth inhibition & induction of apoptosis in human lung cancer cell lines-A549 & H1299. A decrease in expression of p53, bcl-2, & bcl-X(L) was observed after 12 h exposure of 40 microM curcumin.
Radhakrishna Pillai 2004
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The potential of antisense inhibition of antiapoptotic proteins as an effective strategy to tackle chemoresistant cancers with curcumin was revealed by the ectopic expression of Bcl-XL or Ku70 which protects human colon cancer cells against curcumin-induced apoptosis.
Rashmi 2004
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Curcumin inhibits protease-activated receptors-2 (PAR2-) and PAR4-mediated human mast cell activation, not by inhibition of trypsin activity but by blocking extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway.
Baek 2003
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The antioxidant effect of curcumin as a function of changes in cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was tested & results demonstrate that it abolished both phorbol-12 myristate-13 acetate & thapsigargin-induced ROS generation with Ca2+ influx in cells from control & diabetic subjects.
Balasubramanyam 2003
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Among the 14 different plant extracts of some commonly used spices, examined for their nitric oxide scavenging activity, the effects of Curcuma species were in the order of C. aromatica (aqueous) > C. longa > C. aromatica (ethanolic).
Baliga 2003
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Determination of antioxidant activity(AA) in preparations containing extracts of turmeric, artichoke, devil's claw & garlic or salmon oil using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay revealed that in all test preparations, AA was correlated with the content of total phenolic compounds.
Betancor-Fernandez 2003
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Curcumin can prevent UV irradiation-induced apoptotic changes, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial release of cytochrome C, caspase-3 activation, cleavage/activation of p21-activated kinase 2, in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells.
Chan 2003
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The potential use of curcumin to sensitize prostate cancer cells for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-mediated
immunotherapy was demonstrated in androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP.
Deeb 2003
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The inhibitory effect of curcumin on the expression of glutathione S-transferase P1-1 mRNA as well as protein was examined, and this inhibition was correlated with the apoptotic effect of curcumin on K562 leukemia cells.
Duvoix 2003
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Curcumin inhibits the proliferation of bovine aortic endothelial cells induced by fetal bovine serum and tumor conditioned medium. Thus claimed curcumin can inhibit angiogenesis by preventing proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. [Article in Chinese].
Gao 2003
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Interleukin-2 (IL-2), and-6 (IL-6) mRNAs levels were not influenced markedly by curcumin in stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but reduced in stimulated Jurkat T cells which confirms the anti-neoplastic potential of curcumin.
Gertsch 2003
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Study on aldose reductase inhibitory activity of Ocimum sanctum (OS), Withania somnifera (WS), Curcuma longa (CL) and Azadirachta indica (AI) on sugar-induced cataractogenic changes in rat lenses in vitro revealed OS had maximum efficacy followed by CL, AI and WS.
Halder 2003
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4 herbs including Curcuma longa caused suppression of reactive oxygen species from polymorphonuclear leukocytes in Propionibacterium acne induced inflammatory mediators. Curcuma longa also suppressed proinflammatory cytokine-induced monocytes to certain extent.
Jain 2003
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Curcumin isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of Curcuma longa by chromatographic techniques showed fungicidal activities against Phytophthora infestans, Puccinia recondita and Rhizoctonia solani with control values 100, 100, & 63% at 500mg/L & 85, 76, & 45% at 250 mg/L, respectively.
Kim 2003b
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The anticancer effect of zerumbone from Zingiber aromaticum was compared with that of curcumin from Curcuma longa in an in vitro MTT tetrazolium salt assay using HT-29, CaCo-2, and MCF-7 cancer cells.
Kirana 2003
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Among 3 extracts ginger, rosemary and turmeric obtained using supercritical CO(2), turmeric showed greatest anti mycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis and selective anticancer activity.
Leal 2003
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Berberine, curcumin & hesperidin from Coptis japonica, Curcuma longa & Poncirus trifoliata, respectively, increased mucin release at the highest concentration (10 - 4 M) by directly acting on airway muZcin-secreting cells (hamster tracheal surface epithelial cells).
Lee 2003
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Simultaneous addition of curcumin (25-100 microM) with 500 microM hydrogen peroxide, effectively protected NG108-15 cells from oxidative damage but pretreatment with curcumin did not have any effect on the viability of the NG108-15 cells.
Mahakunakorn 2003
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Among 45 species of Cuba, in search for antioxidant agents which protect DNA against oxidative stress, 5 species including Curcuma longa displayed IC(50)<30 & IC(50)<32 micro g/ml ,in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical reduction assays & lipid peroxidation inhibition testing respectively.
Ramos 2003
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Five Curcuma drugs derived from C. longa, C.kwangsiensis, C.phaeocaulis, C. wenyujin,& C. zedoaria were evaluated for their effectiveness against "Oketsu" by examining their vasomotional effects in isolated rat aorta & it was found that C. zedoaria can cure "Oketsu".
Sasaki 2003
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The antioxidant potentials of Smoke Shield, a formulation containing extract of turmeric, was evaluated & increased the superoxide dismutase & glutathione in blood, decreased glutathione peroxidase, inhibited phase I enzymes as represented by aniline-hydroxylase &
aminopyrenedemethylase in-vitro.
Sreekanth 2003
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The inhibiting effect of curcumin on the activation of the apoptotic pathway in human acute myelogenous leukemia HL-60 cells was studied and found the Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl-transfected cells were relatively resistant.
Anto 2002
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The suppressive effects of ar-turmerone isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa L) on DNA of human leukemia cell lines, Molt 4B, HL-60 and stomach cancer KATO III cells result from the induction of apoptosis by this compound.
Aratanechemuge 2002
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Curcumin inhibits the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced nuclear factor kB activation by preventing the degradation of the inhibitory protein IkBalpa and the subsequent translocation of the p65 subunit in cultured human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cell.
Han 2002
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Evaluation of 170 methanol extracts of natural products including Curcuma longa, C. zedoaria, for inhibition of prostaglandin production & nitric oxide synthase in mouse macrophages cells showed that they were potent inhibitors of iNOS activity (>70% inhibition at a concentration of 10 micro g/ml).
Hong 2002a
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Beta-turmerone and ar-turmerone, sesquiterpenoids isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma zedoaria, inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E 2 production and nitric oxide production in cultured mouse macrophage cell RAW 264.7.
Hong 2002b
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Curcumin a polyphenolic compound of Curcuma longa modulates ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) & hydrogen peroxide-induced peroxidation of microsomal membrane lipids and DNA damage in vitro. Hence Curcumin might be a suitable candidate for chemoprevention of Fe-NTA-associated cancer.
Iqbal 2003a
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Turmeric oil and its fraction III which contain aromatic turmerone (44.5%), curlone (19.22%) & turmerone (10.88%) exhibited maximum antioxidant in beta-carotene-linoleate model system & the phosphomolybdenum method &
antimutagenic activities in Ames test.
Jayaprakasha 2002
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Both the methanol extract of turmeric rhizome and curcumin inhibited the growth of all 19 strains of Helicobacter pylori a Group 1 carcinogen, including 5 cagA+ strains, in vitro with a minimum inhibitory concentration range of 6.25-50 micrograms/ml.
Mahady 2002
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The polyphenolic compound curcumin and related non-toxic antioxidants from the rhizome of the Curcuma longa have a favorable effect on experimental mouse tumorigenesis, inflammatory processes such as psoriasis & ethanol-caused hepatic injury, atherogenesis and related cardiovascular disease.
Miquel 2002
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In vitro treatment of SJL/J mice with curcumin, inhibited experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in association with a decrease in IL-12 production through Janus kinase-STAT pathway in T lymphocytes.
Natarajan 2002
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The anti-proliferative effect of curcumin against 3 local & 3 reference leishmanial strains, Leishmania major, L. tropica & L. infantum has been studied and shown an average IC50 of 5.3 microM against promastigotes of various leishmanial strains.
Saleheen 2002
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Several nutrients and botanicals including vitamin A, (Retin-A), vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin B12, indirubin & Curcuma longa have been studied for use in chronic myelogenous leukemia which is characterized by the overproduction of granulocytes).
Steriti 2002
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The antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory & anticarcinogenic activities of phenolic substances derived from spice ingredients including curcumin in Curcuma longa,[6]-gingerol in ginger act on intracellular signaling cascades, particularly of NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinases.
Surh 2002
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Turmeric-mediated decrease in induction of phase-I enzymes in liver, lung & fore stomach of mice and enhancement of hepatic glutathione S-transferase play an important role in reducing the benzo(a)pyrene-induced DNA damage in target & non-target tissues.
Thapliyal 2002
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Comparasion of 4 nutraceuticals in skin tumor prevention showed that turmeric was the most potent, with 30% skin tumor incidence, 87.2% decrease in skin tumors, & a 5-wk delay in skin tumor formation compared with the positive control.
Villasenor 2002
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The study of herbal antilipemic drugs like Allium sativum L., Cynara scolymus L., Curcumae longa L shows the suitability of herbal medicinal preparations for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of hyperlipidemia & atherosclerosis.[Article in German].
Wegener 2002
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Constituents of Curcuma longa showed both excitant & antagonist effect on gastrin receptors and the order of intensity of inhibitory effect observed was: parts of ethyl acetate > parts of methanol > parts of ether > parts of volatile oil, root tuber > rhizome.[Article in Chinese].
Xiao 2002
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A review of In vitro effects of curcumin revealed anti-parasitic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and gastrointestinal effects; and also inhibition of carcinogenesis and cancer growth.
Araujo 2001
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In response to a low concentration of curcumin, mouse embryonal carcinoma PCC4 cells ceased to proliferate and showed cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, followed by their differentiation.
Batth 2001
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Curcumin attenuates Apc(min) resistance to human dietary carcinogen, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP)-induced apoptosis and inhibits PhIP-induced tumorigenesis in proximal Apc(min) mouse small intestine.
Collett 2001
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Curcumin induces the heat shock response in vitro on HeLa cells as measured by expression of heat shock protein 70 and the mechanism depends on activation of heat shock factor-1.
Dunsmore 2001
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