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Clinical Trials
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A preliminary clinical study 28 smokers of 10 or more cigarettes per day for at least one year has not provided convincing evidence that a St John's wort herb extract plus individual motivational/behavioural support is likely to be effective as an aid in smoking cessation.
Barnes 2006
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A systematic review of randomized controlled trials on St. John's Wort (SJW) and the treatment of mild to moderate depression demonstrated a drop in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores for clients taking SJW compared with placebo or pharmaceutical antidepressants.
Clement 2006
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In women using oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) and St. John's wort (SJW) simultaneously, it appears that SJW does not interfere with the antiandrogenic properties of OCPs.
Fogle 2006
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Hypericum perforatum may enhance salivary cortisol via a U-shaped dose-response relationship in 20 healthy male volunteers which may be mediated through a 5-HT2 mechanism.
Franklin 2006
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The quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials of herbal medicine interventions including echinacea, ginkgo, St. John's wort, and kava have been reviewed.
Gagnier 2006
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A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre clinical study reveals that St John's wort is a good alternative to chemically defined antidepressants in the treatment of 388 outpatients with moderate depression.
Gastpar 2006
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Hypericum perforatum extract WS 5570 at doses of 600 mg once daily and 600 mg twice daily were found to be safe in 332 patients and more effective than placebo, with comparable efficacy of the WS 5570 groups for the treatment of mild to moderate major depression.
Kasper 2006
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Standardized St. John's Wort as 450 mg capsules twice daily in 37 smokers, exhibited feasibility for use in smoking cessation.
Lawvere 2006
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In the analyses of 72 outpatients with mild to moderate depression, patients receiving Hypericum perforatum had the lowest remission rates compared to fluoxetine (34.6%) and placebo (45%).
Moreno 2006
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It was found in a study conducted on 42 male, healthy volunteers who were administered St. John's wort & hyperforin that the extent of induction of CYP3A varies with St. John's wort products and also depends on hyperforin dose.
Mueller 2006
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Hypericum extract LI160 has demonstrated a ketamine-antagonising effect and it is examined whether LI160 reverses changes of a low dose ketamine on auditory evoked potentials in healthy subjects.
Murck 2006
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Only in a secondary analysis, pooling of both lower (0.12%) or a higher (0.18%) hypericine formulation treated groups showed that Hypericum has a clinical significant effect in minor depressed patients with HAM-D up to 17 and the finding was significant only in non-dysthymic patients.
Randlov 2006
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The effect of two different hypericum extracts (STW 3, STW 3-VI) on photosensitivity with respect to minimal erythema dose (MED) after 14 days treatment was investigated by open, multiple-dose & one-phase studies which were conducted in 20 healthy men, receiving one tablet/day.
Schulz 2006
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Of the 100 participants with eating disorder symptoms 64% used an herbal product including Dexatrim and St. John's Wort for weight loss and they had the highest reported use.
Steffen 2006
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Enough data are available on three herbs (ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) and saw palmetto (Serenoa repens)) for meta-analyses of single-herb interventions.
Walker 2006
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The pharmacokinetic interaction between a low-hyperforin St John's wort extract and alprazolam, caffeine, tolbutamide, and digoxin was evaluated in 28 healthy volunteers.
Arold 2005
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Comparision of efficacy of Hypericum LI 160 (H LI 160) to fluoxetine & placebo in a 4-week randomized, double-blind trial with 163 patients revealed that H LI 160 or fluoxetine were not more effective in short-term treatment in mild to moderate depression than placebo.
Bjerkenstedt 2005
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Recent clinical studies, have reported potential therapeutic effects for hypericum in the treatment of smoking cessation, for prickly pear extract in the prevention of alcohol hangover and magnesium supplementation as an adjunct to methadone treatment.
Dean 2005
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[St John's wort is at least as effective as paroxetine in reducing severity of depression and is better tolerated.]
Ernst 2005
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The presence of early improvement on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression concerning fatigue and general somatic symptoms is significantly predictive of achieving remission at endpoint with hypericum treatment but not with placebo.
Farabaugh 2005
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Comparision of antidepressant efficacy and safety of a standardized extract of St John's wort with both placebo & fluoxetine in patients with major depressive disorder revealed that St John's wort was significantly more effective than fluoxetine & showed a trend toward superiority over placebo.
Fava 2005
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Review on the effectiveness(EFNS) of treatments for depression in older people reveals that there is limited evidence to support the EFNS of transcranial magnetic stimulation, dialectical behaviour therapy, interpersonal therapy,light therapy, St John's wort & folate in reducing depressive symptoms.
Frazer 2005
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Hypericum extract STW 3 at a dose of 612 mg once daily for up to 24 weeks in 123 patients with moderate depression is not inferior to sertraline and it is a well-tolerated drug for the treatment of moderate depression.
Gastpar 2005
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A substantial fraction of the 594 patients treated with Hypericum extracts WS(R) 5570/5572 showed a meaningful reduction of depressive symptoms during the first two weeks of treatment, which was found to be a sensitive predictor of sustained response.
Kieser 2005
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A double-blind study of St John's wort versus placebo in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with 60 subjects fail to support the efficacy of St John's wort for OCD.
Kobak 2005
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The results from a placebo-controlled pilot study with 40 subjects failed to provide evidence for the efficacy of St. John's wort in social phobia.
Kobak 2005a
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St. John's wort has been found to be superior to placebo and equivalent to standard antidepressants for the treatment of mild to moderate depression.
Lawvere 2005
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Performance of a systematic review and meta-analysis of 37 double-blind randomised controlled trials reveals that Hypericum has minimal beneficial effects while other trials suggest that Hypericum and standard antidepressants have similar beneficial effects.
Linde 2005a
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Update of 1998 Cochrane evidence-based review of SJW for depression found that the tested extracts seem more effective than placebo and similarly effective as standard antidepressants for treating mild to moderate depressive symptoms. Beneficial effects for treating major depression appear minimal.
Linde 2005b
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An exploratory subgroup analysis of a three-armed study to compare Hypericum extract, fluoxetine, and placebo in 135 patients with major depressive disorder in a 12 week trial was performed.
Murck 2005
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Coadministration of St. John's wort leads to a short-term but clinically irrelevant increase followed by a prolonged extensive reduction in voriconazole exposure in 16 healthy men stratified for CYP2C19 genotype.
Rengelshausen 2005
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St John's wort is well tolerated in 26 patients and may be clinically effective in the treatment of some adolescents with mild depression.
Simeon 2005
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In the treatment of moderate to severe major depression in 251 adult outpatients, hypericum extract WS 5570 was at least as effective as paroxetine and was better tolerated.
Szegedi 2005
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Lack of herbal supplement characterization in published randomized controlled trials evaluating single-herb preparations of echinacea, garlic, ginkgo, saw palmetto, or St. John's wort has been reviewed.
Wolsko 2005
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[CYP3A and P-glycoprotein activity induction with St. John's Wort in healthy volunteers from 6 ethnic populations.]
Xie 2005
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The clinical effect of administering sufficient Hypericum perforatum to cattle to deliver quadruple the reported oral toxic dose was investigated which revealed that the reported bovine oral toxic dose of narrow leaved flowering stage biotype, H. perforatum was 3 g dried plant/kg body weight.
Bourke 2004
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A review on several integrative treatments for depression, including omega-3 fatty acids, Hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort), S-adenosyl-methionine, folate, 5-Hydroxytryptophan, acupuncture, exercise, & light therapy, with emphasis on issues pertinent to women has been evaluated.
Freeman 2004
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During antidepressant treatment with 17 subjects, mean scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression for phase 1 nonresponders decreased significantly (p <.0001), with no significant difference between St. John's wort nonresponders and placebo nonresponders.
Gelenberg 2004
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The efficacy of St. John's wort (SJW) extract as a treatment for premenstrual symptoms was investigated as a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, with two parallel treatment groups which showed that there was a trend for SJW to be superior to placebo..
Hicks 2004
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In a placebo-controlled, double blind study, using 33 healthy volunteers it was found that Hypericin and pseudohypericin pharmacokinetics were only marginally influenced by comedication with the enzyme inhibitors and inducers cimetidine and carbamazepine.
Johne 2004
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A study on150 patients aged > or = 18 yearsrevealed that unrecognized use of St John's wort is frequent and may have an important influence on the effectiveness and safety of drug therapy during hospital stay.
Martin-Facklam 2004
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Investigation of St. John's wort (SJW) on pharmacokinetics of theophylline in 12 healthy Japanese male volunteers showed that SJW caused no changes in pharmacokinetics of theophylline in plasma and SJW administration tended to increase ratio of 1U/the total amount excreted in urine.
Morimoto 2004
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Administration of 600 mg of St. John's wort extract LI 160 daily in 184 outpatients was found to be effective and safe in the treatment of somatoform disorders.
Muller 2004
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A randomised double-blind crossover study was performed with 19 healthy subjects to examine the effects of Hypericum extract (LI160) on intravenously administered cortisol on auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) and salivary cortisol concentration.
Murck 2004
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Compared to synthetic antidepressants St. John's Wort demonstrated similar effectiveness and in the sub-group of mild to moderate depression, the herbal antidepressant showed better results against the synthetic antidepressants. [Article in German]
Roder 2004
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A post-marketing surveillance was conducted to investigate if the single-dose-administration of highlydosed St. John's Wort extract improves quality of life. [Article in German]
Rudolf 2004
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In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study, with 16 healthy subjects, it is found that St John's wort had no effect on blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, or blood pressure variability.
Schroeder 2004
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The effects of acute oral administration of high-dose Hypericum perforatum extract WS 5570 on the cortisol (COR), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), growth hormone (GH), and prolactin (PRL) secretions were examined in 12 healthy male volunteers.
Schule 2004
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The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study showed that St. John's wort extract had no effect on vasoconstrictory response of cutaneous blood flow and skin conductance response in healthy volunteers.
Siepmann 2004
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Hypericum extract STW 3-VI in a once-daily dosing regimen may be an effective and well-tolerated option for 140 outpatients with moderate depressive disorders.
Uebelhack 2004
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Clinical trial with 12 healthy adult men indicates that St. John's wort was an inducer to the human CYP2C19.
Wang 2004a
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Meta-analysis to reevaluate the effectiveness of St. John's wort as an antidepressant, funnel plot analysis, and meta-regression to assess the impact of publication bias, small-study effects, and variation in trial characteristics were performed.
Werneke 2004
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Survey of prevalence and patterns of use of psychoactive medicines among individuals with autism in the Autism Society of Ohio in 747 families reveals that a total of 45.6% were taking some form of psychotropic agent (including St. John's wort and melatonin).
Aman 2003
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Administration of St. John's wort extract to renal transplant patients receiving cyclosporin A (CSA) treatment resulted in a rapid and significant reduction of plasma CSA concentrations.
Bauer 2003
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A survey of herbal use in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder or depression shows that herbal medicines were given most frequently for a behavioral condition, with ginkgo biloba, echinacea, and St. John's wort most prevalent.
Cala 2003
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Primary care patients experiencing common menopausal symptoms are likely to use 4 herbal products including St. John's wort, Ginkgo biloba, and ginseng that are purported to provide menopause symptom relief, and many believe that these products improve their menopausal symptoms.
Dailey 2003
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The effects of 12 days' pretreatment with St John's wort on the disposition of selected in vivo probe drugs were determined in 21 young healthy subjects.
Dresser 2003
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An open-label pilot study of St. John's wort in juvenile depression indicate that St. John's wort may be an effective treatment for youths diagnosed with major depressive disorder.
Findling 2003
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A prospective, observational, cohort study was conducted to examine the safety of St. John's wort to 33 nursing mothers and their infants, provided a framework for the management of breastfeeding women receiving St. John's wort.
Lee 2003
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In the evaluation of drug therapy knowledge in liver transplant patients after pharmacy counseling, two women were identified as regularly using St John's Wort and were informed that this herbal medicine can endanger the success of organ transplantation. [Article in French]
Monnier 2003
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It is proved that the symptoms associated with anxiety that severely afflict patients can be clearly improved more quickly with a combination therapy of St John's wort extract and valerian extract than with St John's wort monotherapy.
Muller 2003
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A randomized controlled trial on interaction of St John's wort with low-dose oral contraceptive(LDOC) therapy in 18 healthy females showed that there was no evidence of ovulation during LDOC and St John's wort extract combination therapy, but intracyclic bleeding episodes increased.
Pfrunder 2003
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The efficacy of a cream containing Hypericum extract standardised to 1.5% hyperforin in comparison to the corresponding vehicle (placebo) for the treatment of subacute Atopic Dermatitis was assessed in 21 patients.
Schempp 2003
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The effect of Hypericum extract LI 160 on skin sensitivity to ultraviolet B (UVB), ultraviolet A (UVA), visible light (VIS) and solar simulated radiation was investigated in 72 volunteers of skin types II and III.
Schempp 2003a
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Hypericum cream was found to be significantly superior to its vehicle in the topical treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in 21 patients. [Article in German]
Schempp 2003a
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Hypericum preparation found to be therapeutically equivalent to fluoxetine and is therefore a rational alternative to synthetic antidepressants.
Behnke 2002
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[Efficacy of continuation treatment with hypericum perforatum in depression.]
Brenner 2002
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[St John's wort was not better than placebo for reducing depression scores.]
Hawley 2002
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St John's wort increased expression and enhanced the drug efflux function of the multi drug transporter P-glycoprotein in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy volunteers.
Hennessy 2002
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St. John's wort extract may induce cytochrome P-450 enzymes or drug transporters (P-glycoprotein).
Johne 2002
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The results of meta-analysis indicate that Hypericum extract accelerated the recovery from depression in a rather general manner, by influencing all investigated signs and symptoms of the disease in 544 out-patients suffering from mild to moderate depression.
Kasper 2002
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Individuals harboring the *0/*0 genotype of glutathione-S-transferases mu 1 and theta 1 showed enhanced UVB-induced cutaneous damage after administration of Hypericum extract and GST genotypes modulated Hypericum-induced photosensitization.
Kerb 2002
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H. perforatum extract was found to be safe and more effective than placebo for the treatment of mild to moderate depression.
Lecrubier 2002
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It is reported that in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study the subjects receiving a combination of Citrus aurantium, caffeine and St John's Wort, lost significant amounts of total body weight while on a strict diet and exercise.
Preuss 2002
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Review finds doses of 500-1000 mg of extract per day of preparations of St. John's Wort are of comparable efficiency to synthetic antidepressants in their normally prescribed dosages.
Schulz 2002
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[St John's wort for the treatment of depression.]
Shelton 2002
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Multiple doses of St John's wort extract do not affect heart rate variability nor cognitive function.
Siepmann 2002
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Significantly more side effects were reported with the sertraline than with H. perforatum but no important differences in changes in mean Ham-D and BDI scores (using intention-to-treat analysis), with and without adjustment for baseline demographic characteristic.
van Gurp 2002
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A multicentre, randomised, 6-week trial was carried out to compare efficacy of St John's wort extract (LI 160) (600 mg/day) & placebo in 151 out-patients suffering from somatization disorder (ICD-10: F45.0), undifferentiated somatoform disorder (F45.1), or somatoform autonomic dysfunctions (F45.3).
Volz 2002
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A single dose of St John's wort resulted in significant inhibition of intestinal P-glycoprotein. Long-term treatment with St John's wort reversed changes in fexofenadine disposition observed with single-dose administration.
Wang 2002
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Hypericum, an antidepressant and antiviral medicine, was reported in 23 randomized clinical trials and found to be significantly more effective than placebo and had a similar level of effectiveness as standard antidepressants. [Article in Hebrew]
Boniel 2001
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Hypericum does not have an acute nootropic effect in healthy humans at doses of 900 mg and 1800 mg but showed some impairing effect on accuracy of numeric working memory and delayed picture recognition at the higher dose.
Ellis 2001
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H. perforatum extract may effect plasma hormonal changes via both 5-HT and DA-mediated mechanisms but do not involve noradrenaline, and hyperforin may be more important than hypericin for effecting these changes.
Franklin 2001
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St. John's wort extract is equivalent to fluoxetine in treating depression and anxiety symptoms, with better safety and tolerability data.
Friede 2001
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Hypericum is a potentially safe and effective treatment for children with symptoms of depression with good tolerability and no adverse events displayed.
Hubner 2001
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Hypericin given orally in doses of 0.05 and 0.10 mg/kg/d caused considerable phototoxicity and had no detectable anti-HCV activity in patients with chronic HCV infection.
Jacobson 2001
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A review showing that Safety and tolerability studies have revealed that St. John's wort preparations have better safety and tolerability profiles than synthetic antidepressants.
Kasper 2001
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Evaluation of tissue regenerating action of a mixture of oily extracts of Hypericum perforatum and Calendula arvensis on surgical wounds from childbirth with caesarean section.
Lavagna 2001
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The examination of effectiveness & tolerability of an extract of herba hyperici WS 5572 in multi-centre study with 2,166 patients, suffering from mild to moderate depression, shows its effectiveness & tolerability in patients suffering from mild & moderate depressive episodes. [Article in German]
Rychlik 2001
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Otikon Otic Solution, a naturopathic herbal extract containing Allium sativum, Verbascum thapsus, Calendula flores, and H. perforatum in olive oil, is as effective as Anaesthetic ear drops and shown to be appropriate for the management of AOM-associated ear pain.
Sarrell 2001
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Hypericum extract is able to influence central neurotransmitters, thereby causing COR stimulation in a dose-dependent manner.
Schule 2001
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St John's wort was safe and well tolerated but not effective for treatment of major depression.
Shelton 2001
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St. John's wort has no significant effect on pain in polyneuropathy.
Sindrup 2001
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Hypericum had neutral effects on performance of psychological tests but showed a dose-related impairment on digit symbol substitution test.
Timoshanko 2001
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Long-term SJW administration resulted in significant and selective induction of CYP3A activity of intestinal wall, but did not alter the CYP2C9, CYP1A2, or CYP2D6 activities.
Wang 2001
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Meta-analysis showed St John's wort to be significantly more effective than placebo but not significantly different in efficacy from active antidepressants.
Whiskey 2001
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"Antidepressive therapy. Hypericum extract Ll 160 highly effective " (German, no abstract)
anon 2000
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50% reduction in depression scores (HAM-D & CGI) in 47% of the hypericum group (900 mg/d LI 160) and 40% of the sertraline/Zoloft group (75 mg/d) in a 7 week study with 28 mild to moderate depressed patients
Brenner 2000
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Treatment with SJW for 14 days did not further induce the clearance of carbamazepine.
Burstein 2000
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Early detection of bladder cancer by red hypericin fluorescence using 40 ml. of a 8 muM. solution which lasted 16 hours and gave 93% sensitivity and 98.5% specificity for detecting carcinoma in 40 patients
D'Hallewin 2000
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The most recommended herb by both medical doctors & naturopaths was echinacea, followed by St John's Wort; in a survey of 242 practitioners
Einarson 2000
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Exponential mixed-effects model of curve fitting for the results of antidepressant trials with an example from a placebo-controlled study with St. John's Wort
Friede 2000
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Review found response rate of depression treated with St John's Wort was 23-55% higher than placebo, but 6-18% lower than tricyclic antidepressants. Rates of side effects were low, only 2.4% of 3250 patients, most commonly nausea (0.6%)
Gaster 2000
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"Study provides additional support for hypericum extract " (news, no abstract)
Miller 2000
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"Current pharmacologic therapy of depression " (German review, no abstract)
Moller 2000
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Treatment with SJW for 14 days resulted in significant increases in the urinary 6-beta-hydroxycortisol/cortisol ratio suggesting that it induces CYP3A4.
Roby 2000
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Topical application of St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) and of its metabolite hyperforin inhibits the allostimulatory capacity of epidermal cells.
Schempp 2000
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While results do not provide evidence for a severe phototoxic potential of Hypericum oil and Hypericum ointment, detectable by the clinically relevant visual erythema score, there may be cause for concern in people with fair or diseased skin.
Schempp 2000
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HAM-D decreased from 16-24 to 11.5 on Hypericum (Ze 117) or 12.2 on fluoxetine (SSRI) in a 6 week, double-blind trial with 240 patients. Hypericum safety was substantially superior with adverse events being only 8% vs. 23%
Schrader 2000
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Modern antidepressants are no better than Hypericum of plant origin; meaning that safety, tolerability & acceptability of a medicine must be given much greater weight than its pharmacodynamics of simply testing against a placebo
Schulz 2000
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PMS symptoms (diary and psychological tests) of depression, anxiety, etc were reduced in a study with 19 women taking 300 mg/d St John's Wort for 2 months
Stevinson 2000
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H. perforatum showed 51% improvement in overall premenstrual syndrome scores with over two-thirds of the sample demonstrating at least a 50% decrease in symptom severity.
Stevinson 2000
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Significant improvement of obsessive-compulsive disorder with a drop in Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale score and most common side effects being diarrhea and restless sleep.
Taylor 2000
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22% of presurgical patients reported the use of herbal remedies; especially echinacea, gingko biloba, St. John's wort, garlic & ginseng
Tsen 2000
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Mean HAM-D reduction of all St. John's wort studies was 10.2 (52.9%), and for fluoxetine was 12.5 points (55.5%) in a review of controlled trials
Volz 2000
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St John's wort may be a useful alternative to benzodiazepines to avoid nontreatment of early depression. Better tolerability than tricyclic antidepressants suggests benefit for elderly people. A review
Vorbach 2000
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Evaluation of 315 clinical trials shows Hypericum was more effective than placebo for mild to moderate depression (risk ratio 1.9) but publication bias might inflate the benefit
Williams 2000
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H. perforatum extract is therapeutically equivalent to imipramine in treating mild to moderate depression, but patients tolerate hypericum better.
Woelk 2000
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Review finds safety and effectiveness with Hypericum for depression, Kava for anxiety and Valerian, catnip, chamomile, gotu kola, hops, lavender, passionflower, skullcap for sleep
Cauffield 1999
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Evidence of herbs for the elderly includes Hypericum for depression, Ginkgo to delay dementia, Aesculus for venous insufficiency, Serenoa for BPH, Yohimbe for erectile dysfunction but still equivocal about Valerian for insomnia
Ernst 1999
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"Is the antidepressant effect of Hypericum extracts depending on their hyperforin content? " (no abstract)
Firenzuoli 1999
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Menopause psychological & psychosomatic symptoms diminished in 76% of participants by 900 mg/d Hypericum for 12 weeks in a trial with 111 women aged 43-65
Grube 1999
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800 mg/d St. John's wort (LoHyp-57) was equivalent to 20 mg/d fluoxetine (CAS 54910-89-3) in a 6 week trial with 149 elderly patients with mild or moderate depression, with HAMD decreasing from 14 to 6 and 15 to 7, respectively
Harrer 1999
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HAMILTON global score fell from 16.6 to 7.9 with 800 mg of St. John's wort or from 17.2 to 8.11 with 20 mg fluoxetine in a study with 149 outpatients
Harrer 1999
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von Zerssen depression score improved in 75% from 19.8-21.2 to 8.1-9.3 at week 6 for 647 mild to moderate depression patients taking hypericum extract LI 160 (Jarsin 300), 1 tablet t.i.d. Adverse events in 17% were mainly gastrointestinal (10%)
Holsboer-Trachsler 1999
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Review of clinical trials indicates Hypericum is as effective as other antidepressants and more effective than placebo and side effects are less than current U.S.-approved antidepressants
Josey 1999
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Review of 20 studies with 1,787 patients finds 600-900 mg is the effective dose and side effects are substantially fewer than with synthetic antidepressants. Photosensitization lacks clinical relevance at normal dosage
Kasper 1999
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Meta-analysis utilizing only well-defined clinical trials found Hypericum was 1.5 times more likely to get an antidepressant response than placebo and was as effective as tricyclic antidepressants with only half the side effects
Kim 1999
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"Hypericum special extract. Effectiveness in the elderly and in chronic disease " (German, no abstract)
Lemmer 1999
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Hamilton depression score was reduced to half in 2/3 of 348 mild to moderate depression patients taking hypericin @ 0.17, 0.33 or 1 mg/d for 6 weeks. Mild adverse reaction were seen in 7 (2%)
Lenoir 1999
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Inhibiting reuptake of all 3 major monoamines - 5-HT, noradrenaline & dopamine makes Hypericum the only antidepressant affecting all 3 with similar potencies. Better long-term studies are needed
Nathan 1999
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"New discoveries on St John's wort can improve pharmacotherapy in depression " (Swedish, no abstract)
Nordfors 1999
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Hamilton depression scores declined more with Hypericum extract (1050 mg/d) than imipramine (100 mg/d). Comparable results for Hamilton anxiety & clinical global impressions scales; in 8 week trial with 263 moderately depressed patients
Philipp 1999
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"Special dialogue: Herbal remedies for depression " (no abstract)
Stanga 1999
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More clinical studies since the Linde meta analysis (1996) provide further evidence that hypericum is superior to placebo in treating mild or moderate depression but comparison with modern antidepressants is insufficient
Stevinson 1999
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Limitations on available clinical trials should temper our enthusiasm and argue for more research before accepting Hypericum extracts into our pharmacopoeia; a critical review and proposal for further research
Vitiello 1999
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Seasonal affective disorder benefited after 8 weeks treatment with Hypericum (Kira) alone with a decline from 21.3 to 13 (n=168) or Hypericum plus light with a decline from 20.6 to 11.8 (n=133)
Wheatley 1999
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SJW is a safe antidepressant with an apparently unique mode of action . It demonstrated efficacy in mild and moderate depression when compared with placebo or tricyclic antidepressants and needs to be compared with serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Cott 1998
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High placebo response in Hypericum trials suggests mild transient depressions in participants so extrapolation to more serious or chronic depressions is unwarranted
Deltito 1998
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Depression is one of the most common reasons for using complementary and alternative therapies but, except for exercise, Hypericum & acupuncture, the amount of rigorous scientific data to support the efficacy is extremely limited
Ernst 1998
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Growing interest has led to a large randomized multicenter clinical trial of St. John's wort sponsored by NIMH
Eskinazi 1998
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Review of therapeutic efficacy, mechanisms of actions, dosages and regimens, preparations, and adverse effects for melatonin, St John's wort, valerian, and kava-kava
Heiligenstein 1998
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Review indicates 60-70% effectiveness for depression. It is well tolerated and adverse reactions are rare & mild (gastrointestinal, dizziness). If 900 mg/d does not help in 4-6 weeks other treatments should be tried
Hippius 1998
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Hyperforin decreased Hamilton scale by 10.3 (45 mg/d), 8.5 (4.5 mg/d), 7.9 (placebo) in a 6 week, randomized, double-blind, trial with 147 outpatients suffering from mild or moderate depression
Laakmann 1998
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Review indicates benefit for depression, seasonal affective disorder and in vitro antiviral activity. Traditionally used for wound healing, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity
Miller 1998
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Review finds 14 trials with Hypericum showing it is more effective than placebo for mild to moderate depression (risk ratio 1.9) but insufficient data comparing with standard antidepressants
Mulrow 1998
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900 or 1800 mg, in a placebo controlled trial with healthy people, increased the latency to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep without producing any other effect on sleep, which is consistent with antidepressant activity
Sharpley 1998
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Review indicates good evidence for the efficacy of St John's wort for depression and for ginkgo in the treatment of memory impairment caused by dementia
Wong 1998
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"St. John's wort study launched " (no abstract)
anon 1997
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After six-weeks treatment, increase in ECG first degree AV-blocks and abnormalities of repolarization for imipramine but a significant reduction for Hypericum in double blind study with 209 depression patients taking up to 1800 mg
Czekalla 1997
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900 mg of hypericum for 4 weeks had reduced Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for seasonal affective disorder (SAD) patients. No added benefit was seen when bright light therapy was combined
Kasper 1997
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Review of 25 controlled clinical trials shows improvement in 61% of patients on low-dose treatment (<1.2 mg hypericum extract) & 75% on a higher dose (2.7 mg). Side effects were mild and occurred at lower frequency than with other antidepressants
Nordfors 1997
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Review of 12 placebo controlled trials with hypericum extracts shows mostly positive results
Volz 1997
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6-week trial comparing 1800 mg extract LI 160 to 150 mg imipramine in severely depressed patients found similar reduction in the Hamilton Depression Scale
Vorbach 1997
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6-week trial comparing 900 mg extract LI 160 to 75 mg amitriptyline in moderately depressed patients found similar reduction in the Hamilton Depression Scale. Adverse events with LI 160 in 37% vs. 64% in the amitriptyline group
Wheatley 1997
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Pharmacokinetics of hypericin: 250, 750, & 1,500 micrograms orally to 13 healthy adults causes dose dependent rise in plasma to 1.3, 7.2, & 16.6 micrograms/liter with a halflife of 2 days
Kerb 1996
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Meta-analysis of 23 trials with 1757 depressed patients shows Hypericum is about as effective as standard antidepressive treatment with far fewer side effects. More dropped out for placebo side effects than hypericum side effects
Linde 1996
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Review of psychotropic applications of Ginkgo biloba, Hypericum perforatum, Valerian officinalis, and Panex ginseng
Cott 1995
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Review of usage as antidepressive therapy
Ernst 1995
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70% response rate (similar to chemical antidepressants) in a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial with 97 depression outpatients treated with 100 - 120 mg of hypericum extract bid
Witte 1995
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Hypericum extract LI 160 was better than placebo in a 4 week study with 72 depressed patients. Hamilton depression score (HAMD) decreased more (21.8 to 9.2) than placebo (18.8 to 17.9) and response rate was 81% vs. 26%
Hansgen 1994
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900 mg hypericum extract gave similar benefit and less side effects compared with 75 mg maprotiline in a study with 102 depressed patients
Harrer 1994
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Meta-analysis of 25 controlled studies (15 with placebo) including 1592 depressed patients reveals dose was typically 300 - 900 mg/day of extract and duration 2 - 6 weeks
Harrer 1994
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900 mg hypericum extract LI 160 was better than placebo in a 4 week study with 39 depressed patients
Hubner 1994
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Randomized double-blind comparison of hypericum extract with maprotiline in 24 healthy volunteers showed similarity in EEG and improved cognitive functions mainly with hypericum
Johnson 1994
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900 mg/day of LI 160 to 12 healthy older volunteers for 4 weeks showed increased deep sleep during the total sleeping period without hypostatic influence of the REM sleep phases (which is typical for tricyclic antidepressants and MAOI)
Schulz 1994
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Hamilton Depression Scale fell from 15.8 to 7.2 by 900 mg/d hypericum extract for 4 weeks or to 11.3 in placebo group in a trial with 105 mildly depressed patients
Sommer 1994
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Pharmacokinetics: 250, 750, or 1500 micrograms hypericin or 526, 1578, or 3156 micrograms pseudohypericin) to 12 healthy men results in plasma levels1.5, 4.1, 14.2 ng/mL for hypericin or 2.7, 11.7, 30.6 ng/mL for pseudohypericin; halflife 1 - 2 days
Staffeldt 1994
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900 mg hypericum extract gave similar benefit and less side effects (fatigue 5%, restlessness 6%) compared with 75 mg imipramine in a study with 135 depressed patients
Vorbach 1994
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A trial with 3250 patients (49% moderate, 46% intermediate) showed 30% improvement in 4-weeks of extract LI 160. 2.4% had undesirable effects: GI upset (0.6%), fatigue (0.4%), restlessness (0.3%)
Woelk 1994
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LI 160 benefited 66.6% of depression outpatients compared with 26.7% in the placebo placebo group
Schmidt 1993
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The Cochrane Library contains evidenced based systematic reviews prepared by the Cochrane Collaboration.
Cochrane Library
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