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| EVIDENCE FOR EFFICACY (HUMAN DATA) |
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Clinical Trials
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The sleep improving effects of a single dose administration of a Valerian/Hops fluid extract was studied in a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled sleep-EEG Study in a parallel design using electrohypnograms, and proved superiority of the valerian/hops combination over placebo.
Dimpfel 2008
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Review on complementary and alternative medicine for sleep disturbances in older adults indicates that valerian has shown a benefit in some, but not all clinical trials.
Gooneratne 2008
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Among the 860,215 women on register, 787 (0.9%) reported use of herbal drugs during early pregnancy. The most frequently used herbal drugs were Floradix (iron-rich herbs), ginseng and valerian.
Holst 2008
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Testing the effects of nightly valerian (Valeriana officinalis) extract to improve sleep of older women with insomnia showed that Valerian did not improve sleep in this sample.
Taibi 2008
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An open-label, prospective cohort study in 89 German centers offering both conventional and complementary therapies in 409 subjects shows that Neurexan might be an effective and well-tolerated alternative to conventional valerian-based therapies for the treatment of mild to moderate insomnia.
Waldsch?08
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Observations in 33 subjects exhibited that Valeriana wallichii not only significantly (p < 0.001) attenuated stress and anxiety, but also significantly (p < 0.001) improved depression and also enhanced the willingness to adjustment.
Bhattacharyya 2007
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The associations between melatonin use and insomnia and between valerian use and insomnia in a representative sample of the United States population were analyzed.
Bliwise 2007
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Systematic review found ginkgo and valerian do not appear to be useful in reducing depression or anxiety in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.
Geller 2007
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A fixed valerian hops extract combination was significantly superior to placebo in reducing sleep latency whilst the single valerian extract failed to be superior to the placebo in patients suffering from non-organic sleep disorder.
Koetter 2007
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At least one treatment in insomnic patients (eszopiclone [5 studies], zopiclone [2 studies], progressive muscle relaxation [2], zolpidem [2], valerian/hops [1], and stimulus control [1]) led to a significant improvement compared with placebo in at least one of these measures in 14/20 studies.
Krystal 2007
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Valerian appears to be safe, in 405 participants who were 18 to 75 years old and had insomnia but with modest beneficial effects at most on insomnia compared to placebo.
Oxman 2007
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A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, balanced cross-over experiment with 24 healthy volunteers suggests that a combination of Melissa officinalis and Valeriana officinalis possesses anxiolytic properties.
Kennedy 2006
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The effectiveness and safety of valerian for treating anxiety disorders was investigated in 36 patients wih generalised anxiety disorder.
Miyasaka 2006
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Efficacy & tolerability of a combined valerian/lemon balm preparation were investigated in an open, multicentre study in 918 children under 12 years suffering from restlessness & nervous dyskoimesis which confirmed that this combination was effective and well tolerated in children.
M?2006
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[Fluctuations of the antianxiety effect of valerian and grandaxin during daytime wakefulness in humans with different chronotypes] [Article in Russian]
Arushaian 2005
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A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed using a novel Internet-based design to determine if kava is effective for reducing anxiety and if valerian is effective for improving sleep quality. Neither kava nor valerian relieved anxiety or insomnia more than placebo.
Jacobs 2005
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In 233 breast cancer patients the use of 35 alternative medicine products were identified and 7 of these increase the risk of breast cancer or interact with tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors: soy, garlic, ginko biloba, echinacea, ginseng, valerian and phytoestrogens. [Article in Swedish]
Malekzadeh 2005
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Review suggests there is preliminary but conflicting evidence that Valerian officinalis L. and first-generation histamine-1-receptor antagonists have efficacy as mild hypnotics over short-term use.
Meolie 2005
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It has been indicated that Kan Jang, ginseng and valerian are safe with respect to effects on human male sterility when administered at dose levels corresponding to approximately 3 times the human daily dose.
Mkrtchyan 2005
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The efficacy and safety of a valerian-hops combination and diphenhydramine was evaluated in 184 adults for treatment of mild insomnia revealing that a valerian-hops combination and diphenhydramine might be useful adjuncts in treatment of mild
insomnia.
Morin 2005
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It is shown that in a personal trial (not double-blind) in stress-induced insomnia, both kava and valerian improved sleep and the ill-effects of stress, and the combination of the two was even more effective for the control of insomnia.
Wheatley 2005
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Study of peculiarities in the effect of tofisopam and valerian extract on short-term memory and anxiety states in healthy humans indicated that valerian extract did not produce significant effects on anxiety states and short-time memory. [Article in Russian]
Arushanian 2004
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A double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation of the effects of 2 doses (300 & 600 mg) of a valerian preparation on the sleep, cognitive & psychomotor function of 16 sleep-disturbed older adults revealed that that these doses were ineffective in sleep-disturbed participants aged 50 to 64 years.
Diaper 2004
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Oral administration of two 500-mg valerian tablets nightly for two weeks in 12 healthy volunteers, had minimal effects on CYP3A4 activity and no effect on CYP2D6 activity.
Donovan 2004
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Examination of valerian extract at 600, 1200, and 1800 mg doses had no effects on subjective and psychomotor variable dependent measures of 10 young healthy volunteers. Acute administration of valerian does not have mood-altering or psychomotor/cognitive effects in them.
Gutierrez 2004
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Of 42 enrolled patients, with chronic insomnia in a series of randomised n-of-1 trials valerian was not shown to be better than placebo in promoting sleep or sleep-related factors for any individual patient or for all patients as a group.
Coxeter 2003
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Comparison of acute pharmacological effects of temazepam, diphenhydramine, & valerian (400 and 800 mg) in 14 healthy elderly volunteers (mean age, 71.6 years; range, 65-89) revealed that valerian was not different from placebo on any measure of psychomotor performance or sedation.
Glass 2003
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Valerian was without effect on either cognitive or psychomotor performance in healthy volunteers at the doses of 500 mg, 1000 mg, but triazolam at 0.25 mg found to have detrimental effects on cognitive processes in healthy volunteers.
Hallam 2003
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n-of-1 trials and their combination: suitable approaches for CAM research?
Hart 2003
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An open, practice-oriented study revealed that combination of St John's wort WS 5572 and valerian extract for treating depressive disorders in comorbidity with anxiety disorders was well tolerated, and no side-effects occurred.
Muller 2003
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Valepotriates (valerian extract) at the mean daily dose of 81.3 mg and diazepam 6.5 mg in 36 outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder showed reduction in the psychic factor of Hamilton anxiety scale & had a potential anxiolytic effect on the psychic symptoms of anxiety.
Andreatini 2002
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Among 1057 patients presenting for anaesthesia 9% were taking one or more of the 6 herbal remedies inclding valeriane, ginseng, ginkgo, St John's wort, echinacea and ephedra which are known to interact with the perioperative period. [Article in French]
Baillard 2002
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Results suggest that kava and valerian may be beneficial to health by reducing physiological reactivity during stressful situations.
Cropley 2002
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In small pilot trial of children with intellectual deficit, valerian treatment led to significant reductions in sleep latencies and nocturnal time awake, lengthened total sleep time and improved sleep quality.
Francis 2002
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Through a literature search 18 experimental studies examining the effects of valeriana on human sleep was identified and majority of studies reported positive effects of valeriana on subjective sleep parameters and few side effects of valeriana were also reported. [Article in Norwegian].
Pallesen 2002
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Valerian subjects reported significantly better subjective sleep quality than placebo ones, after BZD withdrawal, despite the presence of a few side effects. Results suggest that valerian had a positive effect on withdrawal from BDZ use.
Poyares 2002
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600 mg/die valerian extract LI 156 was as efficacious as a treatment with 10 mg/die oxazepam in patients aged 18 to 73 years and diagnosed with non-organic insomnia. No serious adverse drug reactions were reported in either group.
Ziegler 2002
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Evaluation of hypnotic effect and safety of 450 mg each of Valeriana edulis & V. officinalis in 20 patients with insomnia, revealed that these extracts produced beneficial effects on sleep architecture by diminishing the time of stages 1 & 2 in non-REM sleep while increasing delta sleep.
Herrera-Arellano 2001
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Kava 120 mg or Valerian at 600 mg daily for 6 weeks in 19 patients when given for treatment of stress and insomnia, both the drugs relieved total stress severity as well as insomnia with no significant differences between them. Both drugs also produced side effects in 42% patients.
Wheatley 2001
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Total stress severity and insomnia were significantly relieved by both Kava (p < 0.01) and Valerian (p < 0.01) compounds. Valerian likely to produce vivid dreaming.
Wheatley 2001
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Total stress severity and insomnia were significantly relieved by both Kava (p < 0.01) and Valerian (p < 0.01) compounds. Valerian likely to produce vivid dreaming. [Double publication].
Wheatley 2001a
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Radix valerianae produced positive effects on sleep structure and sleep perception of insomnia patients with very low number of adverse events.
Donath 2000
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75 patients of non-organic & non-psychiatric insomniacs aged between 18 & 70 years, in a randomised, double-blind, clinical, comparative study showed no differences in the efficacy for valerian and oxazepam and more favourable adverse effect profile of valerian was reported. [Article in German].
Dorn 2000
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Patient reported improvement found in pilot study of effect of a fixed valerian-Hop extract combination on sleep polygraphy in patients with non-organic insomnia.
Fussel 2000
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[Critical evaluation of the effect of valerian extract on sleep structure and sleep quality.]
Giedke 2000
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Systematic review found the evidence for valerian as a treatment for insomnia is inconclusive.
Stevinson 2000
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Quantitative topographical EEG was able to show slight, but clear visible effects on the CNS after intake of high dosage of a valerian-hops mixture, indicating reproducible pharmacodynamic responses of the target organ.
Vonderheid-Guth 2000
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Baths with added pine oil or valerian may be helpful for fibromyalgia patients. Plain water baths modify the pain intensity, medicinal baths improve well-being and sleep.
Ammer 1999
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In this review, the history and current use of plant-based medicine and highlights of evidence of risks and benefits associated with 6 plants including echinacea, ginger, and valerian have been summarised as studied from randomized controlled trials.
Barrett 1999
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Results of randomised, controlled, double-blind trial found neither single nor repeated evening administrations of 600 mg of valerian root extract have a negative impact on reaction time, alertness and concentration the morning after intake.
Kuhlmann 1999
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Review usage and adverse effects of Valerian, melatonin, St John's wort and kava -kava
Heiligenstein 1998
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Valerian-hops combination, in a randomized double-blind comparison with benzodiazepine for 2 weeks, helped sleep disorder patients and had less withdrawal symptoms than with benzodiazepine
Schmitz 1998
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USP progress in botanical information (no abstract)
Thompson 1998
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Review of the literature of nonbenzodiazepine sedatives. Valerian & melatonin may be useful but require further clinical trials
Wagner 1998
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80 healthy adults in 4 groups: valerian, valerian+hops, flunitrazepam or placebo. Subjective sleep quality improved in all three medication groups, compared to placebo. Residual sedation (hangover) not confirmed
Gerhard 1996
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New Clinical Drug Eval. Unit (NCDEU) review of natural psychotropics, highlighting Hypericum, Valerian, Ginkgo & Ginseng
Cott 1995
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Elderly poor sleepers (6 placebo, 8 valerian extract-Valdispert forte, 405 mg t.i.d.) had increased slow-wave sleep (SWS) & decreased sleep stage 1. No effect on sleep time, REM nor self rated sleep quality
Schulz 1994
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Root extract (Valdispert) reduces mouse movement and increases thiopental sleeping-time. Effect is moderate compared with diazepam and chlorpromazine. Has only weak anti-convulsive properties
Leuschner 1993
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Single dose of Valverde (valerian, balm, passion-flower, and pestilence wort) compared with 3 mg bromazepam or placebo: subjective sedation but tests unable to verify
Gerhard 1991
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Double blind study shows the sesquiterpenes are sedative, without the cytotoxicity of valepotriates
Lindahl 1989
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"The effects of valerian, propranolol, and their combination on activation, performance, and mood of healthy volunteers under social stress conditions" (no abstract)
Kohnen 1988
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450 or 900 mg of valerian extract reduced perceived sleep latency and wake time in healthy adults
Balderer 1985
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Measuring EEG, REM & sleep stages in a double-blind placebo-controlled study on 11 healthy adults found dose related hypnotic effects with 60 or 120 mg valerian. Peak effect 2-3 hours after treatment
Gessner
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Placebo controled trial with 128 people found 400 mg increases sleep, especially for those who are poor sleepers
Leathwood 1982
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Observational Studies/Case Reports
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A Case of Valerian-associated Hepatotoxicity.
Cohen 2008
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Examination of the use of over-the-counter medications and herbal or dietary supplements among college students shows that higher doses of products containing pseudoephedrine or valerian were associated with self-reported anxiety.
Stasio 2008
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Insomnia in older adults is usually treated with benzodiazepines, nonbenzodiazepines, and other agents, such as trazodone, valerian, and melatonin.
Tariq 2008
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Review on herbal medications & their importance for anaesthesia & intensive care medicine led to skepticism towards the use of garlic, ginkgo, cranberry, valerian or St. John's wort leading to recommendation that herbal medications should be discontinued 2 weeks before surgery. [Article in German]
Kleinschmidt 2007
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A patient who had taken drugs (ibuprofen, paracetamol and valerian) was described with cholestatic hepatitis and acute Epstein-Barr virus infection with atypical lymphocytes and positive anti-VCA IgM. [Article in Spanish]
Barreales 2006
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Results of a study on choice of agent to correct psychoemotional state in women with dyshormonal focal breast diseases were presented. The correction involved dimedrol, valerian extract, Novopassite, diazepam,amitryptiline, coaxil, grandaxine, alprozam or atarax. [Article in Russian]
Ustimov DIu 2005
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Repeated administration of the anxiolytic tofisopam reduced anxiety and improved both visual and verbal short-term memory in young male and female humans. But valerian extract did not produce effect on the anxiety states and short-time memory. [Article in Russian].
[No authors listed] 2004
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Sleepless in Sydney--is valerian an effective alternative to benzodiazepines in the treatment of insomnia?
Trevena 2004
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The morning/evening menopausal formula (evening capsule contains black cohosh, soy, kava, hops, and valerian extracts) was found to be safe and effective for relieving menopausal symptoms including hot flashes and sleep disturbance in healthy postmenopausal women.
Sun 2003
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[Mental status changes in an alcohol abuser taking valerian and gingko biloba.]
Chen 2002
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Case series of 23 outpatient symptomatic Hispanic volunteers receiving mental health services suggests that valerian may improve insomnia in a symptomatic population.
Dominguez 2000
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[Acute hepatitis after phytotherapy] [Article in French].
Mennecier 1999
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"Superficial and deep EEG recordings of valerian-related drugs" (no abstract, Italian)
de Romanis 1988
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Sleep latency shortened and length of sleep increased by 400 mg of an aqueous extract of V officinalis. Review
Leathwood 1982
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"Disturbed sleep II.: Therapy of sleep disorders" (no abstract, German)
Faust 1980
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"Evaluation of Valerian drug and its preparations" (no abstract, German)
Wagner 1970
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"The importance of valerian roots in therapy" (no abstract, German)
Straube 1968
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Traditional and Folk Use
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The most important findings in ethno-medicine relate to the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. (wounds) and to some vascular plant species including Valeriana officinalis L., as used for wounds sustained by mules.
Guarrera 2008
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Review on therapeutic options for sleep-maintenance and sleep-onset insomnia indicates that herbal and alternative preparations include melatonin and valerian.
Morin 2007
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Review of the available literature on 2 traditional herbal approaches to sleep problems in long-term care found the largest body of evidence exists for the use of the dietary/herbal supplements valerian and melatonin.
Shimazaki 2007
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A systematic review was conducted to examine the evidence on the efficacy of valerian as a sleep aid with specific attention to the type of preparations tested and the characteristics of the subjects studied.
Taibi 2007
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A systematic review and meta-analysis on valerian suggests that valerian might improve sleep quality without producing side effects.
Bent 2006
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An attempt has been made to review the most important medicinal plants, including Ginkgo biloba, St John's wort, Kava-kava, Valerian, Bacopa monniera and Convolvulus pluricaulis, which are widely used for their reputed effectiveness in CNS disorders.
Kumar 2006
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Potentially useful substances include ginkgo and hydergine as cognitive enhancers, passion flower and valerian as sedatives, St John's wort and s-adenosylmethionine as antidepressants, and selenium and folate to complement antidepressants.
Werneke 2006
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The behavior patterns and decision-making modalities about herbal remedy use among a sample of Italian women was analyzed. The 10 most frequently used herbal products to stimulate the immune system and to cure respiratory problems includes propolis, aloe, valerian root, blueberry & fennel.
Zaffani 2006
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It is suggested that valerian extracts have a modest impact on subjective sleep quality; they are nevertheless more effective than a placebo and valerian products that do not contain valepotriates have no apparent adverse effects.
[No authors listed] 2005
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I read that the herbal supplement valerian helps people with insomnia fall asleep. Is valerian safe, and does it actually work?
[No authors listed] 2004
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An evaluation of consumption of herbs in 539 patients attending gastroenterology O.P clinic indicated that among 57 botanical varieties used, 6 were the most frequent varieties including Santolina chamaecyparissus (18.8%), and Valeriana officinalis (4.4%). [Article in Spanish]
Devesa Jorda 2004
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Valerian found to possess an anticonvulsant effect, but the uncertain chemical composition and content of valerian preparations, and their odor and taste, made it unlikely that they could ever prove satisfactory in widespread use.
Eadie 2004
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In this review it has been indicated that the herb valerian may be useful as a mild sleep aid in clinical populations, such as persons with rheumatoid arthritis.
Taibi 2004
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Herbal medications in the perioperative orthopedic surgery patient.
Trapskin 2004
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The review about valerian reveals that it improves subjective experiences of sleep when taken nightly over one- to two-week periods, and it appears to be a safe sedative/hypnotic choice in patients with mild to moderate insomnia.
Hadley 2003
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An evidence-based review of herbs commonly used by women reveals that valerian is beneficial for insomnia, but there is no long-term safety data.
Tesch 2002
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Data on the use of St. John's Wort, S-adenosyl-methionine, B vitamins, inositol, omega-3 fatty acids, and choline for mood disorders; data on the use of kava and other herbal agents and fish extract for anxiety and insomnia; and data on valerian and melatonin for insomnia were reviewed.
Brown 2001
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Fever-few, milk thistle, tea tree oil, and valerian have been used for centuries and were considered safe for use by most patients and they appear to provide benefits in treating or preventing illness but the supporting evidence is inconclusive in some cases.
Petry 2001
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The review of Herbal Medicines and Epilepsy revealed that the herbal sedatives (kava, valerian, chamomile, passionflower) may potentiate the effects of antiepileptic medications, increasing their sedative and cognitive effects.
Spinella 2001
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Phytopharmacons like hop, balm, lavender, passiflora and valerian were traditionally administered against nervousness and sleep disturbances. Controlled clinical trials were only available for valerian, but no sleep inducing potential of valerian was observed. [Article in German].
Volz 2001
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A review of the most common herbal stimulants and sedatives showed that valerian and kava have received the most research attention; both have decreased sleep onset time and promoted deeper sleep in small studies, and kava also shows anxiolytic effects.
Gyllenhaal 2000
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In the review of dietary supplements and natural products as psychotherapeutic agents, there is evidence supporting the use of kava for anxiety and valerian for insomnia.
Fugh-Berman 1999
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Three nervines (ie) herbs used for psychiatric or neurological disorders, which have attracted considerable attention are St John's Wort, Gingko biloba and Valeriana officinalis.
Walter 1999
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In earlier days Valerianae Radix (VR) has been quoted in all books on medicinal plants. Recently V.R. was not included in many medical books. It has been pointed out that the action of VR is gentle hence it is suggested to include it under OTC drugs and to revaluate it for the treatment of elderly.
Yanagisawa1996
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By analyzing antique, medieval and later sources attempts to identify the often used Latin botanical term, 'saliunca' it was found that the herb was identical with the Valeriana celtica L., the close relative of the tranquillant V.officinalis L.[Article in Hungarian].
Stirling 1991
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[Phu: valerian and other anti-hysterics in European and American medicine(1733-1936).]
Hobbs 1990
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Review of the constituents and sedative activity of Valerian
Houghton 1988
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"Comparative ethnomedical study of Valeriana officinalis L" (no abstract, Cyrillic)
Tucakov 1965
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Adverse Effects & Toxicity
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Review on herbal and dietary supplements for treatment of anxiety disorders suggests that physicians should not encourage the use of St. John's wort, valerian, Sympathyl, or passionflower for the treatment of anxiety based on small or inconsistent effects observed in a few studies.
Saeed 2007
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A preliminary study showed that consumption of up to 65 times the human dose of the valerian extract supplied by Mediherb did not have an adverse reproductive outcome in rats.
Yao 2007
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Dietary supplement-related adverse events were reported in 353 patients (74%) who ingested products containing ephedra; other exposures frequently involved zinc, kava, creatine, and valerian.
Dennehy 2005
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Six herbal infusions including Matricaria chamomilla, Mentha piperita, M. pulegium, Uncaria tomentosa & Valeriana officinalis were assayed for anti-genotoxicity using Somatic Mutation And Recombination Test in Drosophila melanogaster & none showed any genotoxicity.
Romero-Jim?z 2005
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Farmers cultivating valerian could be exposed during processing of valerian roots to large concentrations of airborne microorganisms,dust and endotoxin posing a risk of work-related respiratory disease.
Sk?a 2005
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Farmers growing valerian showed a moderate frequency of work-related symptoms & low reactivity to most microbial and herbal allergens. They exhibited an increased immunologic response to Gram-negative bacterium Pantoea agglomerans - an important risk factor associated with valerian dust.
Sk?a 2005a
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In a review it has been indicated that, studies of better-known herbal sedatives, notably valerian and kava, showed moderate evidence for both safety and efficacy for valerian while revealing disturbing toxicity concerns for kava.
Block 2004
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[A riddle solved--why valerian-hops extract makes you drowsy] [Article in German].
Holzgrabe 2004
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In vitro toxicity of high doses of valerian & peppermint oil(PO) in cultured human hepatoma cells & at doses 2-3 orders of magnitude greater than those recommended for human use, increase in rat bile flow after acute PO & increase in alkaline phosphatase after chronic PO were demonstrated.
Vo 2003
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Complications can arise from Echinacea, ephedra garlic, ginkgo, kava, St John's wort & Valerian by their direct and pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic effects. Pharmacodynamic herb-drug interactions include potentiation of the sedative effect of anaesthetics by kava and valerian.
Ang-Lee 2001
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Herbs affecting the central nervous system: gingko, kava, St. John's wort, and valerian.
Assemi 2001
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Valerian is used as an anti-anxiety drug & reported to have sedative & antidepressant properties. There are several reports on valerian root toxicity which includes nephrotoxicity, headaches, chest tightness, mydriasis, abdominal pain & tremor of the hands & feet. [Article in Hebrew]
Boniel 2001
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Review usage and adverse effects of Valerian, melatonin, St John's wort and kava -kava
Heiligenstein 1998
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'Sleep-Qik' (valerian dry extract 75 mg, hyoscine HBr 0.25 mg, cyproheptadine HCl 2 mg) associated with CNS depression and anticholinergic poisoning in 23 patients who had taken 7-160 doses; no evidence of liver damage
Chan 1995
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An individual taking 20 times the normal dose had mild symptoms which resolved within 24 h.
Willey 1995
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Letter warns of liver damage warning with insomnia remedy
Shepherd 1993
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300 and 600 mg/kg/day of V. officinalis and Crataegus oxyacantha for 30 days to rats to test for toxicity
Fehri 1991
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Toxicity evaluation of Valerian and Crataegus in rats given 300 and 600 mg/kg/24 h for 30 days
Fehri 1991
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Baldrinals, metabolites of valtrate and isovaltrate, but not dihydro-valtrate, appears to be mutagenic in the sensitive Salmonella assay
von der Hude 1986
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Interactions
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Determination of whether the treatment with haloperidol (HP), valerian or both in association impairs liver or kidney functions indicates the potentially adverse interactions between haloperidol and valerian.
Dalla Corte 2008
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Extracts of 6 commercially available herbal products, St. John's wort, common valerian, common sage, Ginkgo biloba, Echinacea purpurea and horse chestnut were investigated for their in vitro inhibitory potential of CYP3A4 mediated metabolism and P-glycoprotein efflux transport activity.
Hellum 2008
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The 5 most common natural products with a potential for interaction (garlic, valerian, kava, ginkgo, and St John's wort) accounted for 68% of the potential clinically significant interactions.
Sood 2008
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The in vitro inductive potential of 6 herbal products including St. John's wort & common valerian was evaluated on CYP1A2, CYP2D6 & CYP3A4 metabolic activities and revealed that G. biloba, valerian & St. John's wort are suggested as candidates for clinically significant CYP interactions in vivo.
Hellum 2007
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Investigation of six commonly used trade herbal products including common valerian & common sage, for their in vitro inhibitory potential of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) -mediated metabolism shows common valerian was the only herb that showed a mechanistic inhibition of CYP2D6 activity.
Hellum 2007
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Examination of the effects of odorant inhalation on the sleep-wake states in rats shows valerian and rose inhalation significantly prolonged the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, while lemon inhalation significantly shortened it.
Komori 2006
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Using [3H]flunitrazepam binding as an indicator, the interactions of commercial Valerian extracts with GABA(A) receptors were examined.
Ortiz 2006
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Botanical supplements containing goldenseal strongly inhibited CYP2D6 and CYP3A4/5 activity in vivo, whereas kava inhibited CYP2E1 and black cohosh weakly inhibited CYP2D6. But Valerian appears to be less likely to produce CYP-mediated herb-drug interactions.
Gurley 2005
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An evidence-based literature review of five commonly used herbs in Denmark namely St John's wort, ginkgo biloba, valerian, garlic & ginseng were presented and attention to clinical practice & recommendations for discontinuation of the five herbs were given before surgery.[Article in Danish].
Kistorp 2002
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Examples of synergy which may occur in psychoactive herbs through pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic interactions includes Hypericum perforatum, Piper methysticum, and Valeriana officinalis which may be due to additive and supra-additive effects of plant's multiple constituents.
Spinella 2002
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28 articles have been identified that describe interactions between herbal (i.e. St. John's wort, ginkgo biloba, kava, valerian, and ginseng) and conventional drug therapies used for the treatment of dementia.
Gold 2001
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A 23-year-old woman with no psychiatric history developed acute mania & psychosis while using a high dosage of Valdispert'balans', a combination of valerian extract and hypericin). Discontinuation of product & treatment with olanzapine led to complete recovery. [Article in Dutch].
Guzelcan 2001
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Herbs including Ginkgo biloba, Piper methysticum (Kava-Kava), Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hypericum perforatum, Valeriana officinalis, Cannabis sativa, Salix alba and others have been reviewed for the synergistic interactions in experimental, in vitro as well as clinical studies.
Williamson 2001
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Use of problematic plants like Echinacea, Allium cepa, Gingko biloba, Panax ginseng and Valeriana officinalis should be limited, or completely excluded in cases of simultaneous therapy with, e.g., warfarin, hepatotoxic agents, MAOI inhibitors, phenelzin sulphate, or phenytoin. [Article in Czech].
Tumova 2000
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Animal Studies
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Evaluation of CNS-related effects of valerian extracts using mice and rats shows not sedative but anxiolytic and antidepressant activity, which was elaborated in the special extract phytofin Valerian 368, considerably contributing to the sleep-enhancing properties of valerian.
Hattesohl 2008
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Minidose Valerian may promote the level of 5-hydroxytryptamine and cell proliferation in the hippocampus of depressive rats, and may play a role in saving injured neurons of the hippocampus. [Article in Chinese]
Tang 2008
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The effects on emergence from isoflurane anesthesia using a combination of valerian & midazolam compared with valerian alone, midazolam alone, in Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated and revealed that rats given a combination of midazolam & valerian took longer to emerge from anesthesia.
Chaplin 2007
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The anticoronary-spastic and antibroncho-spastic activities of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Valeriana officinalis L. roots were investigated in anaesthetized guinea-pigs and the results correlated with the qualitative/quantitative chemical composition of the extracts.
Circosta 2007
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The effects of Valeriana officinalis, a medicinal herb widely used as calming and sleep-promoting, in an animal model of orofacial dyskinesia induced by long-term treatment with haloperidol was examined with inconclusive results.
Fachinetto 2007
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The effect of a 14-day course of valerian, a herbal anxiolytic, on NK cell activity in male Sprague-Dawley rats undergoing abdominal surgery was examined. More research is needed.
Neill 2007
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Study suggests that chlorophyll and aqueous extracts of Bacopa monniera and Valeriana wallichii prevent ischaemia-reperfusion induced cerebral injury in mice with comparable potency.
Rehni 2007
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The effect of valerian extract preparation (BIM) also containing Rhodiola rosea extract and L-theanine on the sleep-wake cycle using sleep-disturbed model rats in comparison with valerian extract alone showed that the BIM could be useful as a sleep-inducer.
Tokunaga 2007
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The genotoxic effects of valerian in somatic and germ cells of mice were determined and the role of epigenetic mechanisms was investigated.
Al-Majed 2006
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Valerian and the fixed valerian hop extract combination Ze 91019 seems to cause the change of spectral power acting as an adenosine A1 receptor agonist in freely moving rats.
Dimpfel 2006
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Study found that extracts of Valeriana officinalis L. could affect morphine withdrawal syndrome via possible interactions with inhibitory neurotransmitters in nervous system on naloxone-induced jumping in morphine-dependent mice.
Sharifzadeh 2006
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Free radical oxidation in the brain and blood serum from experimental animals exposed to chronic stress and receiving psychotropic drugs (phenazepam, Atarax, Fluanxol, and valerian) was studied.
Kutlubaev 2005
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The effects of valerian extract on the sleep-wake cycle using sleep-disturbed model rats showed that valerian extract may be useful as an herbal medicine having not only sleep-inducing effects but also sleep quality-enhancement effects.
Shinomiya 2005
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Study found that valerian extract did not potentiate in mice the sedative effect of commonly prescribed CNS depressant drugs like haloperidol, diazepam, buspirone, pentobarbital, diphenhydramine and ethanol as expected.
Ugalde 2005
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The elucidation of neuropharmacological profile of a hydroalcohol extract of Valeriana edulis roots in several experimental models revealed anticonvulsant & anxiolytic effects. It decreased rotarod performance & traction force & prolonged the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time at high doses.
Oliva 2004
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Pigs supplemented with sedafit, a commercial herbal product containing Valeriana officinalis L. and Passiflora incarnata L., resulted in smaller increases of the heart variables during and after stress evocation transport simulation, suggesting sedative and antianxiety effects.
Peeters 2004
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Valeriana officinalis var latifolia reduced the serum levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, urinary albumin and serum creatinine in dietary-induced hypercholesterolemic male Wistar rats. [Article in Chinese]
Si 2003
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Exposure of C57BL/6 mice to the odorants, terpinyl acetate and valerian oil, had minor effects on the contact hypersensitivity reaction. Valerian oil, but not, 1,3-dimethoxy-5-methylbenzene downregulated stress-induced plasma corticosterone levels.
Hosoi 2001
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In a review it has been showed that valerian preparations, which have sedative & muscle-relaxant effects may have a mechanism of action and clinical characteristics that differ from the benzodiazepine-related sedative/hypnotics, making them more suitable for long-term use.
Krystal 2001
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Decreased pleasure response to valerian was seen in cats after gamma irradiation
Davydov 1985
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Isovaltrate, valtrate, and the essential oil compound valeranone, at 10(-5) M concentrations, relaxed muscle cells
Hazelhoff 1982
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The relaxing effects on CNS of mice by Crataegus, Valeriana, Passiflora, Matricaria, Piscidia, Hyoscyamus & Atropa
Della Loggia 1981
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Pharmacodynamics
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A specific binding site on GABA(A) receptors with nM affinity for valerenic acid and valerenol, common constituents of valerian, was described. Both agents enhanced the response to GABA at multiple types of recombinant GABA(A) receptors.
Benke 2008
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The potential cytoprotective effects of aqueous extract of Valeriana officinalis on rotenone-induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were demonstrated.
de Oliveria 2008
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Among commercial essential oils from 28 plant species good nematicidal activity against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was achieved with essential oils of coriander, Oriental sweetgum, and valerian.
Kim 2008
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The relationship between modulation of GABAA receptors by Valerian extracts of different polarity and the content of sesquiterpenic acids (valerenic acid, acetoxyvalerenic acid) was investigated.
Trauner 2008
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The inhibitory effects of valerian and valerian/hops extracts as well as valerenic acid (a major constituent of valerian) on glucuronidation were evaluated in human liver microsomes and with expressed uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases.
Alkharfy 2007
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Study of effects of traditionally used anxiolytic botanicals on enzymes of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system shows that extracts from Centella asiatica (gotu kola) and Valeriana officinalis (valerian) stimulated glutamic acid decarboxylase activity by over 40% at a dose of 1 mg/mL.
Awad 2007
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Valerian and hops are traditionally used as sleep-inducing aids. Valerian has an adenosine-like action and supports the readiness to fall asleep.
Brattstr?007
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The stimulation of chloride currents through GABA(A) receptors by valerenic acid, a constituent of Valerian was reported.
Khom 2007
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The common use of hydrophilic, but not lipophilic valerian extracts as mild sleep-inducing agents is consistent with the opposite actions of hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts on adenosine receptors.
Lacher 2007
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The action of a methanol, ethanol and an extract macerated with ethylacetate from roots of valerian (Valeriana officinalis L., Valerianaceae) on postsynaptic potentials in cortical neurons were compared.
Sichardt 2007
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Affinity and selectivity of two Valeriana adscendens extracts (methanolic and aqueous) towards 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2C) serotononergic, D(1) and D(2) dopaminergic, alpha(1) and alpha(2) noradrenergic receptors by a preliminary binding screen was examined.
Nencini 2006
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The multiparametric assessment of electrical activity changes caused by psychoactive herbal extracts from Hypericum, Passiflora and Valeriana, and various combinations thereof revealed a receptor-specific and concentration-dependent inhibition of the firing patterns.
Gramowski 2006
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Study reports that EtOAc extract of the underground parts of Valeriana officinalis showed inhibitory activity against NF-kappaB at 100 microg/mL in the IL-6/Luc assay on HeLa cells & provided protection against excitotoxicity in primary brain cell cultures at micromolar concentrations.
Jacobo-Herrera 2006
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The adenosine A1 receptor-mediated effect of valerian extract (Ze 911) on postsynaptic potentials in pyramidal cells of the rat cingulate cortex in a slice preparation was evaluated.
Vissiennon 2006
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To determine novel mechanisms of action, radioligand binding studies were performed with valerian extracts (100% methanol, 50% methanol, dichloromethane, and petroleum ether) at the melatonin, glutamate, and GABA(A) receptors, and 8 serotonin receptor subtypes.
Dietz 2005
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It is indicated that the antispasmodic and hypotensive effects of Valeriana wallichii may be mediated through K(ATP) channel activation, which justifies its use in gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disorders.
Gilani 2005
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(+)-Borneol, a bicyclic monoterpene from essential oils of valerian, has a positive modulating action at GABA(A) receptors, and at high concentrations (>1.5mM) (+)- and (-)-borneol directly activated GABA(A) receptors producing 89% and 84%, respectively, of the maximal GABA response.
Granger 2005
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The two herbal extracts Valeriana officinalis L. and St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) were studied for their metabolic changes upon incubation with freshly prepared rat hepatocytes and subsequently analysed phytochemically as well as pharmacologically in vitro.
Simmen 2005
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The in vitro binding of Ze91019, and the component valerian and hops extracts within, was tested on 14 subtypes of five classes of central receptors (dopamine, serotonin, melatonin, MCH and neuropeptide-Y).
Abourashed 2004
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A flavone glycoside linarin has been identified in Valeriana officinalis which has been shown to have sedative and sleep-enhancing properties like 2S (-) hesperidin that are potentiated by simultaneous administration of valerenic acid.
Fernandez 2004
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The neuroprotective properties of valerian against Abeta toxicity was reported which may, long-term, contribute to introduction of a new relevant use of valerian alcoholic extract to prevent neuronal degeneration in aging or neurodegenerative disorders.
Malva 2004
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The in vitro evaluation of potential for cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibition from herbals and other natural remedies revealed that extracts of Valeriana as well as a fish oil preparation were potent inhibitors of the tested enzymes.
Strandell 2004
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It has been shown in rat brainstem preparation that effects of Valerian in treating anxiety & insomnia were found to be mediated through brain gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA) receptors & potentiate the effects of anesthetics that act on GABA receptors, & presurgical valerian use may cause interaction.
Yuan 2004
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The methanolic extract of Valeriana adscendens showed inhibiting effect in GABA uptake and in decreasing the intracellular content of amino acid neurotransmitters in crude synaptosomes of rat.
De Feo 2003
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Among water-soluble polysaccharides obtained from some European herbaceous plants, examined for their immunomodulatory activities using in vitro mitogenic and comitogenic rat thymocyte tests, the pectic polysaccharide-rich complex from Valeriana stimulated immune function of bone marrow cells.
Ebringerova 2003
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Valerian root extract was found to be a potent smooth muscle dilator in the feline pulmonary vascular bed & the vasodilatory effects of valerian root extract were unchanged after the administration of NG-L-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester glibenclamide, and meclofenamate.
Fields 2003
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DNA damage in human endothelial ECV304 cells induced by high concentrations of dichloromethane extracts of valerian(DEV) was mainly through epigenetic mechanisms, and at low doses DEV did not appear to have any genotoxicity in ECV304 cells.
Hui-lian 2003
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It has been reported for the first time that 2S (-)-hesperidin is present in valeriana and it has sedative and sleep-enhancing properties. 6-methylapigenin from Valeriana wallichii, was found to have anxiolytic properties and was able to potentiate the sleep-enhancing properties of hesperidin.
Marder 2003
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Review of data on St. John's wort, kava, valerian, and gingko concludes that psychiatric patients treated with herbal drugs need intensive medical advice and supervision.
Kalus 2002
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Valtrate (1), a new Rev-transport inhibitor from the nucleus to cytoplasm was isolated from Valerianae Radix.& it was found to inhibit the p-24 production of HIV-1 virus without showing any cytotoxicity against the host MT-4 cells.
Murakami 2002
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Herbal medicine is just one approach to the treatment of childhood hyperactivity. Sedative plants like passion flower, valerian or lemon balm are seen as useful aids - also liquorice, fennel and berries can be used for different physiological actions.
Berdonces 2001
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The review of A1 adenosine receptors (AR) reveals that some medicinal plants (e.g. Hypericum perforatum and Valeriana officinalis) contain compounds that are antagonists or partial agonists at A1 ARs and effects on ARs contribute to their pharmacological activity.
Muller 2001
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Although evidence on efficacy of herbal preparations in treating psychiatric conditions is growing, translating the study results into effective treatments is difficult due to the chemical complexity of products, lack of standardization and paucity of well-controlled studies.
Beaubrun 2000
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The variation in composition and content of Valerian, and the instability of some constituents pose serious problems for standardization but also suggest that it may correct a variety of underlying causes of conditions requiring a general sedative or tranquilizing effect.
Houghton 1999
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Valerian extracts have effects on GABA(A) receptors, but can also interact at other presynaptic components of GABAergic neurons.
Ortiz 1999
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Over-the-counter agents such as valerian and melatonin may be useful in alleviating mild, short-term insomnia, but further clinical trials are required to fully evaluate their safety and efficacy.
Wagner 1998
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'Natural premedication for mast cell proliferative disorders.' (letter, no abst)
Yaniv 1995
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Aqueous extract stimulated the release of [3H]GABA and inhibited reuptake by reversing Na+ dependent GABA carrier
Santos 1994
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Aqueous extract of valerian influences the transport of GABA in synaptosomes.
Santos 1994
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Cardiovascular agents (valocordin, valerian, ouabain, and digoxin) synergize gamma radiation inhibition of proliferation of human lymphoid cells
Narimanov 1989
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Analytical Chemistry
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The protocols for an approach for rapid HPLC-based profiling for new GABA (A) ligands of natural origin were validated by spiking experiments with inactive extract & profiling active extracts such as valerian extract containing known GABA (A) receptor ligand valerenic acid.
Kim 2008
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Forty-seven components representing 89.3% and 35 constituents varying from 86.1% to 95.1% of the essential oil extracted from Valeriana officinalis L. roots growing wild in Iran, obtained by hydrodistillation and supercritical CO2 were identified.
Safaralie 2008
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4 compounds including valerenic acid, beta-sitosterol, and ursolic acid were isolated and identified from Valeriana officinalis L., by various spectral analysis and chemical conversion. [Article in Chinese]
Jiang 2007
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Epoxysesquithujene, a new sesquiterpene epoxide has been characterized in the essential oil of Valeriana hardwickii var. hardwickii on the basis of chemical reactions and extensive NMR data.
Mathela 2007
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The species composition of thrips from flowers of Valeriana officinalis L., Hypericum perforatum L. and Levisticum officinale and the periods of the occurrence of the particulars species of thrips and their numerousness were observed.
Pobozniak 2007
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4 new diene valepotriates, sorbifolivaltrates A-D, and the known compounds isovaltrate, valtrate, seneciovaltrate, valtrate hydrine B3, and valtrate hydrine B7, have been isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation of crude extracts of the aerial parts of Valeriana sorbifolia.
Xu 2007
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Metal content of ephedra-containing dietary supplements and select botanicals including black cohosh, echinacea, goldenseal, kava kava, milk thistle, saw palmetto, Synephrine, and valerian root was studied.
Grippo 2006
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Three novel three-membered ring sesquiterpenoids, named kissoone A (1), kissoone B (2), and its acetylated product, kissoone C (3), were isolated from the roots of Valeriana fauriei. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.
Guo 2006
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A new iridoid glycoside, 10-isovaleryl kanokoside C (1), and a new sesquiterpene (2) together with two known compounds (3, 4) were isolated from the rhizomes and roots of Valeriana fauriei. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.
Guo 2006
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A liquid chromatography method has been developed that permits the analysis of chlorogenic acid, lignans, flavonoids, valerenic acids, and valpotrates in various valerian samples.
Navarrete 2006
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A sedative tea made of Valerianae radix (Valeriana officinalis L.), Lupuli strobuli (Humulus lupulus L.), Melissae folium (Melissa officinalis L.) & Menthae piperitae folium (Mentha piperita L.) was studied to identify the constituent drugs using restriction analysis of ITS DNA and real-time PCR.
Slanc 2006
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A new iridoid tetraester, namely valeriotetrate A was isolated from the roots of Valeriana jatamansi Jones, together with the known iridoids IVHD-valtrate and valerosidate.
Yu 2006
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Nine compounds were isolated from the roots of Valeriana fauriei Briq, of which one is a new germacrane-type sesquiterpenoid named as valerianin E and its structure was elucidated.
Zhang 2006
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Determination of metal content in valerian root by atomic spectrometry reveals that Fe, Al, Ca, and V in the solid sample study were within the range 100-1000 mg/kg, and for Mn, Zn, and Pb within the range 10-100 mg/kg. Cadmium was found at levels up to 0.0125 mg/kg.
Arce 2005
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Macro- and microscopic comparative analyses were performed to differentiate Valeriana procera Kunth from V. officinalis L. and other commercially important Valerian species such as V. jatamansi Jones, Valeriana edulis Nutt, and V. sitchensis Bong.
Joshi 2005
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So as to determine their chemical diversity, 4 Valeriana genera, including V. wallichii, were investigated for their terpenoid compositions by means of GC and GC/MS analyses of their essential oils, as well as by one- and two-dimensional NMR studies of the isolates.
Mathela 2005
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The chloroform extract of Valeriana officinalis led to the isolation of clionasterol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and a mixture of 6'-O-acyl-beta-D-glucosyl-clionasterols. The acyl moieties were identified by GC-MS analysis.
Pullela 2005
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The HPLC-UV assay was used to establish the fingerprint of the hydrophilic constituents of Valeriana medicinal plants. [Article in Chinese]
Shi 2005
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A HPLC-method for separation of medium polar and nonpolar compounds in preparations of Valeriana officinalis was established for stability control. Hydroxyvalerenic acid, pinoresinol & hydroxypinoresinol were identified as degradation products in Valerian root.
Goppel 2004
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Two new lignans along with 5 known compounds have been isolated from the roots of Valeriana prionophylla and their structures have been established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR experiments. They found to have a powerful antioxidative and vasorelaxant activities.
Piccinelli 2004
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A tandem intermolecular Michael addition-intramolecular Michael addition-alkylation sequence and an electron-transfer-mediated 6-endo-trig cyclization as key steps were employed in the enantioselective total synthesis of valeriananoids A-C from (R)-carvone.
Srikrishna 2004
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Two new flavone glycosides, including acacetin 7-O-beta-sophoroside, have been isolated from the rhizomes and roots of Valeriana jatamansi together with 15 known compounds. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical means.
Tang 2003
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The interspecific and intraspecific comparison of valepotrates contents in three Valeriana plants Valeriana jatamansi Jones, V. officinalis L., and V. officinalis var. latifolia Miq. showed that they were different & among them, Valeriana jatamansi Jones was the highest. [Article in Chinese].
Chen 2002
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A new bicyclic sesquiterpene acid, (-)-3 beta,4 beta-epoxyvalerenic acid together with valerenic acid and hexadecanoic acid were isolated and the structure of the new compound was elucidated by spectroscopic data.
Dharmaratne 2002
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Valtrate, DIA-valtrate, acevaltrate, 1-beta-acevaltrate and didrovaltrate have been quantitatively estimated by reversed-phase HPLC in the leaves, flowers, stems and roots of 9 Valeriana species including V. glechomifolia which was the richest one for valepotriates.
Silva 2002
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Five new iridoids, including 1-homoacevaltrate,1-homoisoacevaltrate along with 10 known analogues, were isolated from the rhizomes and roots of Valeriana jatamansi. Structural elucidation was based on spectroscopic data interpretation.
Tang 2002
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The flavonoid 6-methylapigenin was isolated from the rhizomes and roots of Valeriana wallichii and identified by using UV, NMR and mass spectral data. The calculated percentage of 6-methylapigenin in the crude drug was in the range of 0.013% to 0.0013%.
Wasowski 2002
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Sesquiterpenes like valerenic acid, its hydroxy and acetoxy derivatives, were determined by capillary electrophoresis method, with a detection limit of 5.8 micrograms/ml or less.
Mikell 2001
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Experiments related to the industrial production of medicinal tinctures of sage and valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) were performed using ultrasonically assisted extraction. The influence of ultrasound on the quality of valerian tincture was examined by HPLC.
Valachovic 2001
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The performance of 8 commercially available solid-phase microextraction fibres was compared to evaluate the recoveries of some characteristic components with different polarities and structures present in the headspace of four aromatic and medicinal plants Valeriana officinalis.
Bicchi 2000
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Analysis by HPLC method showed different species of Valeriana yielded 11.65-0.05mg/g of Valerianic acid derivatives (VAD) & 1.81-0.03mg/g of valepotriates. Variation between individuals of one cultivar of V. officinalis ranged from 12.34 to 3.01mg/g of VAD & 3.67-0.92mg/g of Valepotriates.
Gao 2000
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Tamariscene, a new sesquiterpene, valerena-4,7(11)-diene and five new pacifigorgiadienes, were isolated and identified from the essential oils of Frullania species and of the angiosperm Valeriana officinalis. Structure elucidation was carried out by NMR spectroscopy and chemical correlations.
Paul 2001
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Water and alcoholic extracts, containing amino acids and valerenic acid, displace 3H-muscimol from synapse membrane of rat brain
Cavadas 1995
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The amount of GABA present in aqueous extracts of valerian is sufficient to account for [3H]GABA release in synaptosomes
Santos
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Review of the constituents and sedative activity of Valerian
Houghton 1988
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"Pharmacological screening of valerenal and some other components of essential oil of Valeriana officinalis" (no abstract)
Hendriks 1981
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"Procedure for measuring the value of valproates in pharmacopoeia-prescribed valeriana tinctures" (no abstract, Hungarian)
Liptakne 1978
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"Isolation, structure and synthesis of alkaloids from Valeriana officinalis L." (no abstract)
Torssell 1967
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Pharmacokinetics (ADME)
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Maximum prolongation of barbiturate- induced sleep was achieved when "no-effect" doses of "natural" powdered Leonurus cardiaca & valerian root suspensions were administered concurrently, demonstrating mutual potentiation of specific activity & excellent bioavailability of their active principles.
Gedevanishvili 2006
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Pharmacokinetics of valerenic acid in a group of healthy adults after a single oral dose of valerian using a newly developed sensitive assay for serum concentrations of valerenic acid, a commonly used marker for qualitative & quantitative analysis of valerian root & valerian products, was described.
Anderson 2005
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Determination of in vitro effect of 14 commercially available single-entity & blended products containing valerian root on cytochrome P450 CYP3A4-mediated metabolism and P-glycoprotein transport showed variation between samples & compared to concentrations noted on product labels.
Lefebvre 2004
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Genetics & Molecular Biology
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Random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses were performed on a number of botanicals including Gingko biloba L., Valeriana officinalis L., Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, Viburnum prunifolium L., Humulus lupulus L.,etc., which are currently used for women's health.
Xu 2002
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Modern Methods of Preparation
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The best performance in valepotriate production, growth and survival under ex vitro conditions following plant acclimatization was achieved in the continuous presence of 5.71 microM indole acetic acid, in micropropagated Valeriana glechomifolia culture.
Bello de Carvalho 2004
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The study of extraction of valerenic acids from dry ground rhizomes of Valeriana officinalis revealed that increased processing temperature favors extraction kinetics, but provokes moderate degradation of valerenic acids.
Boyadzhiev 2004
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Herbal products should be regulated for quality control.
Larimore 2004
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A drug release test suitable for studying and comparing different valerian tablets was established and thus, hydroxyvalerenic and valerenic acid concentrations were assayed by HPLC. The uncoated tablet formulation was found to have the fastest release profile.
Torrado 2003
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The water-soluble polysaccharide fractions from both the conventional and ultrasonical experiments exhibit significant immunostimulatory activities in mitogenic and comitogenic thymocyte tests.
Hromadkova 2002
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Analysis of 31 commercial valerian preparations of Australia, including teas, tablets, capsules and liquids, by HPLC for valepotriates, valerenic acid and its derivatives (VA&D) showed that VA&D concentration ranged from < 0.01 to 6.32mg/g of product.
Shohet 2001
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Diazepam and valerian 12.0 mg/kg reversed anxiety effect of rats withdrawn from diazepam. 6 mg/kg of valerian was insufficient for benefit
Andreatini 1994
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Valerian Hops combination (no abstract, German review)
Kammerer 1993
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Aromatherapy with valerian root oil or bornyl acetate is sedative to mice
Buchbauer 1992
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Chemical herbicides used for the cultivation of Valerian
Pank 1980
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Patents
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Conduct a search on V. officinalis or valerian in the title, abstract or claims section of the
US patent database
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Treating a variety of pathological conditions, including spasticity and convulsions, by effecting a modulation of CNS activity with isovaleramide, isovaleric acid, or a related compound
US Patent 6,589,994
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Compositions comprising valerian extracts, isovaleric acid or derivatives thereof with a NSAID
US Patent 6,383,527
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Composition with plant additives and treatment method for reducing stress levels in fish
US Patent 5,942,232
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Use of valerian plant and/or root as a scent-attractant for stimulating canines and felines
US Patent 5,786,382
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Pharmaceutical compositions for the management of premenstrual syndrome and alleviation of menopausal disorders
US Patent 5,569,459
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Method of causing the reduction of physiological and/or subjective reactivity to stress in humans being subjected to stress conditions
US Patent 4,670,264
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Method of causing the reduction of physiological and/or subjective reactivity to stress in humans being subjected to stress conditions
US Patent 4,670,463
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Method of causing the reduction of physiological and/or subjective reactivity to stress in humans being subjected to stress conditions
US Patent 4,671,959
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Cultivation, Conservation & Ecology
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An investigation on the resources of genus Valeriana in China shows that of about 30 species distributed in Southwest and Northeast China, only four of them were used mostly as medicine. [Article in Chinese]
Huang 2004
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Among 2 Valerian cultivars, oil of cv. Select had antimicrobial effect against Aspergillus niger, Escherichia coli, Staph.aureus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae while cv. Anthose showed low or no activity suggesting that inhibitory activity of valerian oil depends on the cultivar & its development.
Letchamo 2004
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Since the valepotriate production in in vitro cultures of Valeriana edulis ssp. procera was closely related to rhizome and root differentiation in the reproductive stage, the large-scale propagation of the endangered plant offer an attractive alternative for its production for medicinal purposes.
Castillo 2002
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Valerianae Radix (VR) a sedative drug had both domestic & foreign markets before the Second World War in Japan. Now, VR are grown only in the Hokkaido area for the purpose of preserving the species. Cultivation of VR & its quality improvement in Japan may be research subjects in the near future.
Yanagisawa 1996
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| HISTORY OF RECORD |
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| RESEARCHED BY: Soaring Bear, Ph. D. 1998 |
| RESEARCH UPDATED BY: Michael C. Tims, Ph. D. cand. 2003 |
| REVISED BY: J Mohanasundaram, MD, PhD July 2008 |
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