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| EVIDENCE FOR EFFICACY (HUMAN DATA) |
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Clinical Trials
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A double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation of the effects of 2 doses (300 & 600 mg) of a valerian preparation on the sleep, cognitive & psychomotor function of 16 sleep-disturbed older adults revealed that that these doses were ineffective in sleep-disturbed participants aged 50 to 64 years.
Diaper 2004
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Oral administration of two 500-mg valerian tablets nightly for two weeks in 12 healthy volunteers, had minimal effects on CYP3A4 activity and no effect on CYP2D6 activity.
Donovan 2004
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Examination of valerian extract at 600, 1200, and 1800 mg doses had no effects on subjective and psychomotor variable dependent measures of 10 young healthy volunteers. Acute administration of valerian does not have mood-altering or psychomotor/cognitive effects in them.
Gutierrez 2004
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Of 42 enrolled patients, with chronic insomnia in a series of randomised n-of-1 trials valerian was not shown to be better than placebo in promoting sleep or sleep-related factors for any individual patient or for all patients as a group.
Coxeter 2003
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Comparison of acute pharmacological effects of temazepam, diphenhydramine, & valerian (400 and 800 mg) in 14 healthy elderly volunteers (mean age, 71.6 years; range, 65-89) revealed that valerian was not different from placebo on any measure of psychomotor performance or sedation.
Glass 2003
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Valerian was without effect on either cognitive or psychomotor performance in healthy volunteers at the doses of 500 mg, 1000 mg, but triazolam at 0.25 mg found to have detrimental effects on cognitive processes in healthy volunteers.
Hallam 2003
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n-of-1 trials and their combination: suitable approaches for CAM research?
Hart 2003
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An open, practice-oriented study revealed that combination of St John's wort WS 5572 and valerian extract for treating depressive disorders in comorbidity with anxiety disorders was well tolerated, and no side-effects occurred.
Muller 2003
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Valepotriates (valerian extract) at the mean daily dose of 81.3 mg and diazepam 6.5 mg in 36 outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder showed reduction in the psychic factor of Hamilton anxiety scale & had a potential anxiolytic effect on the psychic symptoms of anxiety.
Andreatini 2002
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Results suggest that kava and valerian may be beneficial to health by reducing physiological reactivity during stressful situations.
Cropley 2002
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In small pilot trial of children with intellectual deficit, valerian treatment led to significant reductions in sleep latencies and nocturnal time awake, lengthened total sleep time and improved sleep quality.
Francis 2002
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Through a literature search 18 experimental studies examining the effects of valeriana on human sleep was identified and majority of studies reported positive effects of valeriana on subjective sleep parameters and few side effects of valeriana were also reported. [Article in Norwegian].
Pallesen 2002
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Valerian subjects reported significantly better subjective sleep quality than placebo ones, after BZD withdrawal, despite the presence of a few side effects. Results suggest that valerian had a positive effect on withdrawal from BDZ use.
Poyares 2002
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600 mg/die valerian extract LI 156 was as efficacious as a treatment with 10 mg/die oxazepam in patients aged 18 to 73 years and diagnosed with non-organic insomnia. No serious adverse drug reactions were reported in either group.
Ziegler 2002
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Evaluation of hypnotic effect and safety of 450 mg each of Valeriana edulis & V. officinalis in 20 patients with insomnia, revealed that these extracts produced beneficial effects on sleep architecture by diminishing the time of stages 1 & 2 in non-REM sleep while increasing delta sleep.
Herrera-Arellano 2001
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Kava 120 mg or Valerian at 600 mg daily for 6 weeks in 19 patients when given for treatment of stress and insomnia, both the drugs relieved total stress severity as well as insomnia with no significant differences between them. Both drugs also produced side effects in 42% patients.
Wheatley 2001
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Total stress severity and insomnia were significantly relieved by both Kava (p < 0.01) and Valerian (p < 0.01) compounds. Valerian likely to produce vivid dreaming.
Wheatley 2001
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Total stress severity and insomnia were significantly relieved by both Kava (p < 0.01) and Valerian (p < 0.01) compounds. Valerian likely to produce vivid dreaming. [Double publication].
Wheatley 2001a
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Radix valerianae produced positive effects on sleep structure and sleep perception of insomnia patients with very low number of adverse events.
Donath 2000
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75 patients of non-organic & non-psychiatric insomniacs aged between 18 & 70 years, in a randomised, double-blind, clinical, comparative study showed no differences in the efficacy for valerian and oxazepam and more favourable adverse effect profile of valerian was reported. [Article in German].
Dorn 2000
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Patient reported improvement found in pilot study of effect of a fixed valerian-Hop extract combination on sleep polygraphy in patients with non-organic insomnia.
Fussel 2000
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[Critical evaluation of the effect of valerian extract on sleep structure and sleep quality.]
Giedke 2000
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Systematic review found the evidence for valerian as a treatment for insomnia is inconclusive.
Stevinson 2000
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Quantitative topographical EEG was able to show slight, but clear visible effects on the CNS after intake of high dosage of a valerian-hops mixture, indicating reproducible pharmacodynamic responses of the target organ.
Vonderheid-Guth 2000
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Baths with added pine oil or valerian may be helpful for fibromyalgia patients. Plain water baths modify the pain intensity, medicinal baths improve well-being and sleep.
Ammer 1999
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In this review, the history and current use of plant-based medicine and highlights of evidence of risks and benefits associated with 6 plants including echinacea, ginger, and valerian have been summarised as studied from randomized controlled trials.
Barrett 1999
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Results of randomised, controlled, double-blind trial found neither single nor repeated evening administrations of 600 mg of valerian root extract have a negative impact on reaction time, alertness and concentration the morning after intake.
Kuhlmann 1999
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Review usage and adverse effects of Valerian, melatonin, St John's wort and kava -kava
Heiligenstein 1998
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Valerian-hops combination, in a randomized double-blind comparison with benzodiazepine for 2 weeks, helped sleep disorder patients and had less withdrawal symptoms than with benzodiazepine
Schmitz 1998
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USP progress in botanical information (no abstract)
Thompson 1998
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Review of the literature of nonbenzodiazepine sedatives. Valerian & melatonin may be useful but require further clinical trials
Wagner 1998
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80 healthy adults in 4 groups: valerian, valerian+hops, flunitrazepam or placebo. Subjective sleep quality improved in all three medication groups, compared to placebo. Residual sedation (hangover) not confirmed
Gerhard 1996
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New Clinical Drug Eval. Unit (NCDEU) review of natural psychotropics, highlighting Hypericum, Valerian, Ginkgo & Ginseng
Cott 1995
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Elderly poor sleepers (6 placebo, 8 valerian extract-Valdispert forte, 405 mg t.i.d.) had increased slow-wave sleep (SWS) & decreased sleep stage 1. No effect on sleep time, REM nor self rated sleep quality
Schulz 1994
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Root extract (Valdispert) reduces mouse movement and increases thiopental sleeping-time. Effect is moderate compared with diazepam and chlorpromazine. Has only weak anti-convulsive properties
Leuschner 1993
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Single dose of Valverde (valerian, balm, passion-flower, and pestilence wort) compared with 3 mg bromazepam or placebo: subjective sedation but tests unable to verify
Gerhard 1991
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Double blind study shows the sesquiterpenes are sedative, without the cytotoxicity of valepotriates
Lindahl 1989
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"The effects of valerian, propranolol, and their combination on activation, performance, and mood of healthy volunteers under social stress conditions" (no abstract)
Kohnen 1988
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450 or 900 mg of valerian extract reduced perceived sleep latency and wake time in healthy adults
Balderer 1985
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Measuring EEG, REM & sleep stages in a double-blind placebo-controlled study on 11 healthy adults found dose related hypnotic effects with 60 or 120 mg valerian. Peak effect 2-3 hours after treatment
Gessner
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Placebo controled trial with 128 people found 400 mg increases sleep, especially for those who are poor sleepers
Leathwood 1982
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Observational Studies/Case Reports
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Repeated administration of the anxiolytic tofisopam reduced anxiety and improved both visual and verbal short-term memory in young male and female humans. But valerian extract did not produce effect on the anxiety states and short-time memory. [Article in Russian].
[No authors listed] 2004
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Sleepless in Sydney--is valerian an effective alternative to benzodiazepines in the treatment of insomnia?
Trevena 2004
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The morning/evening menopausal formula (evening capsule contains black cohosh, soy, kava, hops, and valerian extracts) was found to be safe and effective for relieving menopausal symptoms including hot flashes and sleep disturbance in healthy postmenopausal women.
Sun 2003
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[Mental status changes in an alcohol abuser taking valerian and gingko biloba.]
Chen 2002
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Case series of 23 outpatient symptomatic Hispanic volunteers receiving mental health services suggests that valerian may improve insomnia in a symptomatic population.
Dominguez 2000
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[Acute hepatitis after phytotherapy] [Article in French].
Mennecier 1999
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"Superficial and deep EEG recordings of valerian-related drugs" (no abstract, Italian)
de Romanis 1988
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Sleep latency shortened and length of sleep increased by 400 mg of an aqueous extract of V officinalis. Review
Leathwood 1982
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"Disturbed sleep II.: Therapy of sleep disorders" (no abstract, German)
Faust 1980
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"Evaluation of Valerian drug and its preparations" (no abstract, German)
Wagner 1970
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"The importance of valerian roots in therapy" (no abstract, German)
Straube 1968
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Traditional and Folk Use
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I read that the herbal supplement valerian helps people with insomnia fall asleep. Is valerian safe, and does it actually work?
[No authors listed] 2004
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An evaluation of consumption of herbs in 539 patients attending gastroenterology O.P clinic indicated that among 57 botanical varieties used, 6 were the most frequent varieties including Santolina chamaecyparissus (18.8%), and Valeriana officinalis (4.4%). [Article in Spanish]
Devesa Jorda 2004
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Valerian found to possess an anticonvulsant effect, but the uncertain chemical composition and content of valerian preparations, and their odor and taste, made it unlikely that they could ever prove satisfactory in widespread use.
Eadie 2004
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In this review it has been indicated that the herb valerian may be useful as a mild sleep aid in clinical populations, such as persons with rheumatoid arthritis.
Taibi 2004
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Herbal medications in the perioperative orthopedic surgery patient.
Trapskin 2004
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The review about valerian reveals that it improves subjective experiences of sleep when taken nightly over one- to two-week periods, and it appears to be a safe sedative/hypnotic choice in patients with mild to moderate insomnia.
Hadley 2003
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An evidence-based review of herbs commonly used by women reveals that valerian is beneficial for insomnia, but there is no long-term safety data.
Tesch 2002
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Fever-few, milk thistle, tea tree oil, and valerian have been used for centuries and were considered safe for use by most patients and they appear to provide benefits in treating or preventing illness but the supporting evidence is inconclusive in some cases.
Petry 2001
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The review of Herbal Medicines and Epilepsy revealed that the herbal sedatives (kava, valerian, chamomile, passionflower) may potentiate the effects of antiepileptic medications, increasing their sedative and cognitive effects.
Spinella 2001
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Phytopharmacons like hop, balm, lavender, passiflora and valerian were traditionally administered against nervousness and sleep disturbances. Controlled clinical trials were only available for valerian, but no sleep inducing potential of valerian was observed. [Article in German].
Volz 2001
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A review of the most common herbal stimulants and sedatives showed that valerian and kava have received the most research attention; both have decreased sleep onset time and promoted deeper sleep in small studies, and kava also shows anxiolytic effects.
Gyllenhaal 2000
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In the review of dietary supplements and natural products as psychotherapeutic agents, there is evidence supporting the use of kava for anxiety and valerian for insomnia.
Fugh-Berman 1999
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Three nervines (ie) herbs used for psychiatric or neurological disorders, which have attracted considerable attention are St John's Wort, Gingko biloba and Valeriana officinalis.
Walter 1999
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In earlier days Valerianae Radix (VR) has been quoted in all books on medicinal plants. Recently V.R. was not included in many medical books. It has been pointed out that the action of VR is gentle hence it is suggested to include it under OTC drugs and to revaluate it for the treatment of elderly.
Yanagisawa1996
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By analyzing antique, medieval and later sources attempts to identify the often used Latin botanical term, 'saliunca' it was found that the herb was identical with the Valeriana celtica L., the close relative of the tranquillant V.officinalis L.[Article in Hungarian].
Stirling 1991
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[Phu: valerian and other anti-hysterics in European and American medicine(1733-1936).]
Hobbs 1990
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Review of the constituents and sedative activity of Valerian
Houghton 1988
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"Comparative ethnomedical study of Valeriana officinalis L" (no abstract, Cyrillic)
Tucakov 1965
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Adverse Effects & Toxicity
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In a review it has been indicated that, studies of better-known herbal sedatives, notably valerian and kava, showed moderate evidence for both safety and efficacy for valerian while revealing disturbing toxicity concerns for kava.
Block 2004
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[A riddle solved--why valerian-hops extract makes you drowsy] [Article in German].
Holzgrabe 2004
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In vitro toxicity of high doses of valerian & peppermint oil(PO) in cultured human hepatoma cells & at doses 2-3 orders of magnitude greater than those recommended for human use, increase in rat bile flow after acute PO & increase in alkaline phosphatase after chronic PO were demonstrated.
Vo 2003
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Complications can arise from Echinacea, ephedra garlic, ginkgo, kava, St John's wort & Valerian by their direct and pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic effects. Pharmacodynamic herb-drug interactions include potentiation of the sedative effect of anaesthetics by kava and valerian.
Ang-Lee 2001
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Herbs affecting the central nervous system: gingko, kava, St. John's wort, and valerian.
Assemi 2001
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Valerian is used as an anti-anxiety drug & reported to have sedative & antidepressant properties. There are several reports on valerian root toxicity which includes nephrotoxicity, headaches, chest tightness, mydriasis, abdominal pain & tremor of the hands & feet. [Article in Hebrew]
Boniel 2001
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Review usage and adverse effects of Valerian, melatonin, St John's wort and kava -kava
Heiligenstein 1998
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'Sleep-Qik' (valerian dry extract 75 mg, hyoscine HBr 0.25 mg, cyproheptadine HCl 2 mg) associated with CNS depression and anticholinergic poisoning in 23 patients who had taken 7-160 doses; no evidence of liver damage
Chan 1995
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An individual taking 20 times the normal dose had mild symptoms which resolved within 24 h.
Willey 1995
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Letter warns of liver damage warning with insomnia remedy
Shepherd 1993
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300 and 600 mg/kg/day of V. officinalis and Crataegus oxyacantha for 30 days to rats to test for toxicity
Fehri 1991
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Toxicity evaluation of Valerian and Crataegus in rats given 300 and 600 mg/kg/24 h for 30 days
Fehri 1991
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Baldrinals, metabolites of valtrate and isovaltrate, but not dihydro-valtrate, appears to be mutagenic in the sensitive Salmonella assay
von der Hude 1986
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Interactions
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An evidence-based literature review of five commonly used herbs in Denmark namely St John's wort, ginkgo biloba, valerian, garlic & ginseng were presented and attention to clinical practice & recommendations for discontinuation of the five herbs were given before surgery.[Article in Danish].
Kistorp 2002
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Examples of synergy which may occur in psychoactive herbs through pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic interactions includes Hypericum perforatum, Piper methysticum, and Valeriana officinalis which may be due to additive and supra-additive effects of plant's multiple constituents.
Spinella 2002
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28 articles have been identified that describe interactions between herbal (i.e. St. John's wort, ginkgo biloba, kava, valerian, and ginseng) and conventional drug therapies used for the treatment of dementia.
Gold 2001
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A 23-year-old woman with no psychiatric history developed acute mania & psychosis while using a high dosage of Valdispert'balans', a combination of valerian extract and hypericin). Discontinuation of product & treatment with olanzapine led to complete recovery. [Article in Dutch].
Guzelcan 2001
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Herbs including Ginkgo biloba, Piper methysticum (Kava-Kava), Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hypericum perforatum, Valeriana officinalis, Cannabis sativa, Salix alba and others have been reviewed for the synergistic interactions in experimental, in vitro as well as clinical studies.
Williamson 2001
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Use of problematic plants like Echinacea, Allium cepa, Gingko biloba, Panax ginseng and Valeriana officinalis should be limited, or completely excluded in cases of simultaneous therapy with, e.g., warfarin, hepatotoxic agents, MAOI inhibitors, phenelzin sulphate, or phenytoin. [Article in Czech].
Tumova 2000
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Animal Studies
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The elucidation of neuropharmacological profile of a hydroalcohol extract of Valeriana edulis roots in several experimental models revealed anticonvulsant & anxiolytic effects. It decreased rotarod performance & traction force & prolonged the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time at high doses.
Oliva 2004
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Pigs supplemented with sedafit, a commercial herbal product containing Valeriana officinalis L. and Passiflora incarnata L., resulted in smaller increases of the heart variables during and after stress evocation transport simulation, suggesting sedative and antianxiety effects.
Peeters 2004
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Valeriana officinalis var latifolia reduced the serum levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, urinary albumin and serum creatinine in dietary-induced hypercholesterolemic male Wistar rats. [Article in Chinese]
Si 2003
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Exposure of C57BL/6 mice to the odorants, terpinyl acetate and valerian oil, had minor effects on the contact hypersensitivity reaction. Valerian oil, but not, 1,3-dimethoxy-5-methylbenzene downregulated stress-induced plasma corticosterone levels.
Hosoi 2001
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In a review it has been showed that valerian preparations, which have sedative & muscle-relaxant effects may have a mechanism of action and clinical characteristics that differ from the benzodiazepine-related sedative/hypnotics, making them more suitable for long-term use.
Krystal 2001
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Decreased pleasure response to valerian was seen in cats after gamma irradiation
Davydov 1985
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Isovaltrate, valtrate, and the essential oil compound valeranone, at 10(-5) M concentrations, relaxed muscle cells
Hazelhoff 1982
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The relaxing effects on CNS of mice by Crataegus, Valeriana, Passiflora, Matricaria, Piscidia, Hyoscyamus & Atropa
Della Loggia 1981
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Pharmacodynamics
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(+)-Borneol, a bicyclic monoterpene from essential oils of valerian, has a positive modulating action at GABA(A) receptors, and at high concentrations (>1.5mM) (+)- and (-)-borneol directly activated GABA(A) receptors producing 89% and 84%, respectively, of the maximal GABA response.
Granger 2005
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The in vitro binding of Ze91019, and the component valerian and hops extracts within, was tested on 14 subtypes of five classes of central receptors (dopamine, serotonin, melatonin, MCH and neuropeptide-Y).
Abourashed 2004
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A flavone glycoside linarin has been identified in Valeriana officinalis which has been shown to have sedative and sleep-enhancing properties like 2S (-) hesperidin that are potentiated by simultaneous administration of valerenic acid.
Fernandez 2004
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The neuroprotective properties of valerian against Abeta toxicity was reported which may, long-term, contribute to introduction of a new relevant use of valerian alcoholic extract to prevent neuronal degeneration in aging or neurodegenerative disorders.
Malva 2004
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The in vitro evaluation of potential for cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibition from herbals and other natural remedies revealed that extracts of Valeriana as well as a fish oil preparation were potent inhibitors of the tested enzymes.
Strandell 2004
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It has been shown in rat brainstem preparation that effects of Valerian in treating anxiety & insomnia were found to be mediated through brain gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA) receptors & potentiate the effects of anesthetics that act on GABA receptors, & presurgical valerian use may cause interaction.
Yuan 2004
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The methanolic extract of Valeriana adscendens showed inhibiting effect in GABA uptake and in decreasing the intracellular content of amino acid neurotransmitters in crude synaptosomes of rat.
De Feo 2003
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Among water-soluble polysaccharides obtained from some European herbaceous plants, examined for their immunomodulatory activities using in vitro mitogenic and comitogenic rat thymocyte tests, the pectic polysaccharide-rich complex from Valeriana stimulated immune function of bone marrow cells.
Ebringerova 2003
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Valerian root extract was found to be a potent smooth muscle dilator in the feline pulmonary vascular bed & the vasodilatory effects of valerian root extract were unchanged after the administration of NG-L-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester glibenclamide, and meclofenamate.
Fields 2003
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DNA damage in human endothelial ECV304 cells induced by high concentrations of dichloromethane extracts of valerian(DEV) was mainly through epigenetic mechanisms, and at low doses DEV did not appear to have any genotoxicity in ECV304 cells.
Hui-lian 2003
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It has been reported for the first time that 2S (-)-hesperidin is present in valeriana and it has sedative and sleep-enhancing properties. 6-methylapigenin from Valeriana wallichii, was found to have anxiolytic properties and was able to potentiate the sleep-enhancing properties of hesperidin.
Marder 2003
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Review of data on St. John's wort, kava, valerian, and gingko concludes that psychiatric patients treated with herbal drugs need intensive medical advice and supervision.
Kalus 2002
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Valtrate (1), a new Rev-transport inhibitor from the nucleus to cytoplasm was isolated from Valerianae Radix.& it was found to inhibit the p-24 production of HIV-1 virus without showing any cytotoxicity against the host MT-4 cells.
Murakami 2002
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Herbal medicine is just one approach to the treatment of childhood hyperactivity. Sedative plants like passion flower, valerian or lemon balm are seen as useful aids - also liquorice, fennel and berries can be used for different physiological actions.
Berdonces 2001
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The review of A1 adenosine receptors (AR) reveals that some medicinal plants (e.g. Hypericum perforatum and Valeriana officinalis) contain compounds that are antagonists or partial agonists at A1 ARs and effects on ARs contribute to their pharmacological activity.
Muller 2001
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Although evidence on efficacy of herbal preparations in treating psychiatric conditions is growing, translating the study results into effective treatments is difficult due to the chemical complexity of products, lack of standardization and paucity of well-controlled studies.
Beaubrun 2000
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The variation in composition and content of Valerian, and the instability of some constituents pose serious problems for standardization but also suggest that it may correct a variety of underlying causes of conditions requiring a general sedative or tranquilizing effect.
Houghton 1999
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Valerian extracts have effects on GABA(A) receptors, but can also interact at other presynaptic components of GABAergic neurons.
Ortiz 1999
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Over-the-counter agents such as valerian and melatonin may be useful in alleviating mild, short-term insomnia, but further clinical trials are required to fully evaluate their safety and efficacy.
Wagner 1998
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'Natural premedication for mast cell proliferative disorders.' (letter, no abst)
Yaniv 1995
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Aqueous extract stimulated the release of [3H]GABA and inhibited reuptake by reversing Na+ dependent GABA carrier
Santos 1994
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Aqueous extract of valerian influences the transport of GABA in synaptosomes.
Santos 1994
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Cardiovascular agents (valocordin, valerian, ouabain, and digoxin) synergize gamma radiation inhibition of proliferation of human lymphoid cells
Narimanov 1989
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Analytical Chemistry
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Determination of metal content in valerian root by atomic spectrometry reveals that Fe, Al, Ca, and V in the solid sample study were within the range 100-1000 mg/kg, and for Mn, Zn, and Pb within the range 10-100 mg/kg. Cadmium was found at levels up to 0.0125 mg/kg.
Arce 2005
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A HPLC-method for separation of medium polar and nonpolar compounds in preparations of Valeriana officinalis was established for stability control. Hydroxyvalerenic acid, pinoresinol & hydroxypinoresinol were identified as degradation products in Valerian root.
Goppel 2004
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Two new lignans along with 5 known compounds have been isolated from the roots of Valeriana prionophylla and their structures have been established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR experiments. They found to have a powerful antioxidative and vasorelaxant activities.
Piccinelli 2004
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A tandem intermolecular Michael addition-intramolecular Michael addition-alkylation sequence and an electron-transfer-mediated 6-endo-trig cyclization as key steps were employed in the enantioselective total synthesis of valeriananoids A-C from (R)-carvone.
Srikrishna 2004
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Two new flavone glycosides, including acacetin 7-O-beta-sophoroside, have been isolated from the rhizomes and roots of Valeriana jatamansi together with 15 known compounds. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical means.
Tang 2003
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The interspecific and intraspecific comparison of valepotrates contents in three Valeriana plants Valeriana jatamansi Jones, V. officinalis L., and V. officinalis var. latifolia Miq. showed that they were different & among them, Valeriana jatamansi Jones was the highest. [Article in Chinese].
Chen 2002
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A new bicyclic sesquiterpene acid, (-)-3 beta,4 beta-epoxyvalerenic acid together with valerenic acid and hexadecanoic acid were isolated and the structure of the new compound was elucidated by spectroscopic data.
Dharmaratne 2002
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Valtrate, DIA-valtrate, acevaltrate, 1-beta-acevaltrate and didrovaltrate have been quantitatively estimated by reversed-phase HPLC in the leaves, flowers, stems and roots of 9 Valeriana species including V. glechomifolia which was the richest one for valepotriates.
Silva 2002
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Five new iridoids, including 1-homoacevaltrate,1-homoisoacevaltrate along with 10 known analogues, were isolated from the rhizomes and roots of Valeriana jatamansi. Structural elucidation was based on spectroscopic data interpretation.
Tang 2002
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The flavonoid 6-methylapigenin was isolated from the rhizomes and roots of Valeriana wallichii and identified by using UV, NMR and mass spectral data. The calculated percentage of 6-methylapigenin in the crude drug was in the range of 0.013% to 0.0013%.
Wasowski 2002
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Sesquiterpenes like valerenic acid, its hydroxy and acetoxy derivatives, were determined by capillary electrophoresis method, with a detection limit of 5.8 micrograms/ml or less.
Mikell 2001
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Experiments related to the industrial production of medicinal tinctures of sage and valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) were performed using ultrasonically assisted extraction. The influence of ultrasound on the quality of valerian tincture was examined by HPLC.
Valachovic 2001
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The performance of 8 commercially available solid-phase microextraction fibres was compared to evaluate the recoveries of some characteristic components with different polarities and structures present in the headspace of four aromatic and medicinal plants Valeriana officinalis.
Bicchi 2000
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Analysis by HPLC method showed different species of Valeriana yielded 11.65-0.05mg/g of Valerianic acid derivatives (VAD) & 1.81-0.03mg/g of valepotriates. Variation between individuals of one cultivar of V. officinalis ranged from 12.34 to 3.01mg/g of VAD & 3.67-0.92mg/g of Valepotriates.
Gao 2000
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Tamariscene, a new sesquiterpene, valerena-4,7(11)-diene and five new pacifigorgiadienes, were isolated and identified from the essential oils of Frullania species and of the angiosperm Valeriana officinalis. Structure elucidation was carried out by NMR spectroscopy and chemical correlations.
Paul 2001
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Water and alcoholic extracts, containing amino acids and valerenic acid, displace 3H-muscimol from synapse membrane of rat brain
Cavadas 1995
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The amount of GABA present in aqueous extracts of valerian is sufficient to account for [3H]GABA release in synaptosomes
Santos
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Review of the constituents and sedative activity of Valerian
Houghton 1988
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"Pharmacological screening of valerenal and some other components of essential oil of Valeriana officinalis" (no abstract)
Hendriks 1981
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"Procedure for measuring the value of valproates in pharmacopoeia-prescribed valeriana tinctures" (no abstract, Hungarian)
Liptakne 1978
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"Isolation, structure and synthesis of alkaloids from Valeriana officinalis L." (no abstract)
Torssell 1967
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Pharmacokinetics (ADME)
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Determination of in vitro effect of 14 commercially available single-entity & blended products containing valerian root on cytochrome P450 CYP3A4-mediated metabolism and P-glycoprotein transport showed variation between samples & compared to concentrations noted on product labels.
Lefebvre 2004
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Genetics & Molecular Biology
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Random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses were performed on a number of botanicals including Gingko biloba L., Valeriana officinalis L., Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, Viburnum prunifolium L., Humulus lupulus L.,etc., which are currently used for women's health.
Xu 2002
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Contemporary Formulas
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The best performance in valepotriate production, growth and survival under ex vitro conditions following plant acclimatization was achieved in the continuous presence of 5.71 microM indole acetic acid, in micropropagated Valeriana glechomifolia culture.
Bello de Carvalho 2004
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The study of extraction of valerenic acids from dry ground rhizomes of Valeriana officinalis revealed that increased processing temperature favors extraction kinetics, but provokes moderate degradation of valerenic acids.
Boyadzhiev 2004
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Herbal products should be regulated for quality control.
Larimore 2004
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A drug release test suitable for studying and comparing different valerian tablets was established and thus, hydroxyvalerenic and valerenic acid concentrations were assayed by HPLC. The uncoated tablet formulation was found to have the fastest release profile.
Torrado 2003
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The water-soluble polysaccharide fractions from both the conventional and ultrasonical experiments exhibit significant immunostimulatory activities in mitogenic and comitogenic thymocyte tests.
Hromadkova 2002
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Analysis of 31 commercial valerian preparations of Australia, including teas, tablets, capsules and liquids, by HPLC for valepotriates, valerenic acid and its derivatives (VA&D) showed that VA&D concentration ranged from < 0.01 to 6.32mg/g of product.
Shohet 2001
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Diazepam and valerian 12.0 mg/kg reversed anxiety effect of rats withdrawn from diazepam. 6 mg/kg of valerian was insufficient for benefit
Andreatini 1994
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Valerian Hops combination (no abstract, German review)
Kammerer 1993
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Aromatherapy with valerian root oil or bornyl acetate is sedative to mice
Buchbauer 1992
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Chemical herbicides used for the cultivation of Valerian
Pank 1980
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Patents
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Conduct a search on V. officinalis or valerian in the title, abstract or claims section of the
US patent database
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Treating a variety of pathological conditions, including spasticity and convulsions, by effecting a modulation of CNS activity with isovaleramide, isovaleric acid, or a related compound
US Patent 6,589,994
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Compositions comprising valerian extracts, isovaleric acid or derivatives thereof with a NSAID
US Patent 6,383,527
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Composition with plant additives and treatment method for reducing stress levels in fish
US Patent 5,942,232
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Use of valerian plant and/or root as a scent-attractant for stimulating canines and felines
US Patent 5,786,382
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Pharmaceutical compositions for the management of premenstrual syndrome and alleviation of menopausal disorders
US Patent 5,569,459
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Method of causing the reduction of physiological and/or subjective reactivity to stress in humans being subjected to stress conditions
US Patent 4,670,264
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